Australia vs Japan
Australia vs Japan: Government debt
Government debt: 51.9% of GDP in Australia in 2025 and 213.6% of GDP in Japan in 2024, by IMF estimates. In 2024 the value was higher in Japan, by 162.7 percentage points, or 4.19 times that in Australia.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Japan has been higher in every year both have figures for since 1989.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Australia at 54.3% of GDP and Japan at 188.9% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Australia | Japan |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 51.9 | 204.8 |
| 2024 | 50.9 | 213.6 |
| 2023 | 49.4 | 220.1 |
| 2022 | 50 | 228 |
| 2021 | 55.4 | 222.6 |
| 2020 | 56.9 | 228.8 |
| 2019 | 46.5 | 206.3 |
| 2018 | 41.6 | 203.7 |
| 2017 | 41 | 203.1 |
| 2016 | 40.5 | 202.1 |
| 2015 | 37.6 | 200.1 |
| 2014 | 33.9 | 203.6 |
| 2013 | 30.3 | 201.2 |
| 2012 | 27.4 | 197.1 |
| 2011 | 24 | 190.6 |
| 2010 | 20.3 | 178.6 |
| 2009 | 16.6 | 172.9 |
| 2008 | 11.7 | 153.6 |
| 2007 | 9.6 | 150.4 |
| 2006 | 9.9 | 152.1 |
| 2005 | 10.8 | 153.4 |
| 2004 | 11.9 | 148.8 |
| 2003 | 13.2 | 140.2 |
| 2002 | 15 | 134.6 |
| 2001 | 17.1 | 126.8 |
| 2000 | 19.5 | 118.5 |
| 1999 | 22.5 | 113.5 |
| 1998 | 23.7 | 101.6 |
| 1997 | 25.9 | 91.3 |
| 1996 | 29.3 | 85.3 |
| 1995 | 31.1 | 80.7 |
| 1994 | 31.7 | 73.3 |
| 1993 | 30.6 | 63.2 |
| 1992 | 27.6 | 57.9 |
| 1991 | 21.6 | 54.1 |
| 1990 | 16.4 | 54.8 |
| 1989 | 17 | 56.9 |
| 1988 | – | 62.4 |
| 1987 | – | 65.8 |
| 1986 | – | 64.2 |
| 1985 | – | 59.2 |
| 1984 | – | 56.9 |
| 1983 | – | 55.1 |
| 1982 | – | 50.1 |
| 1981 | – | 45.8 |
| 1980 | – | 41.4 |
- 12.3Projected
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Australia | Japan |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 52.6 | 199.4 |
| 2027 | 53.2 | 196.4 |
| 2028 | 53.7 | 193.8 |
| 2029 | 54.1 | 191.5 |
| 2030 | 54.3 | 190.1 |
| 2031 | 54.3 | 188.9 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Australia vs Japan
Health
- Life expectancyAustralia: 83.9 years in 2023Japan: 84.7 years in 2023
- Child mortalityAustralia: 0.4 per 100 live births in 2024Japan: 0.2 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityAustralia: 3.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023Japan: 1.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionAustralia: 4.62% in 2017Japan: 3.34% in 2017
- Suicide rateAustralia: 11.1 per 100,000 people in 2017Japan: 15.7 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationAustralia: 26.5 million people in 2023Japan: 124 million people in 2023
- Population growthAustralia: 0.99% a year in 2023Japan: -0.48% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateAustralia: 1.64 births per woman in 2023Japan: 1.21 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationAustralia: 87.7% in 2025Japan: 92.3% in 2025
- Median ageAustralia: 37.8 years in 2023Japan: 49 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overAustralia: 17.4% in 2023Japan: 29.6% in 2023
- Net migration rateAustralia: 5.3 per 1,000 people in 2023Japan: 1.4 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingAustralia: 1.92% of GDP in 2025Japan: 1.41% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsAustralia: $35.3B in 2025Japan: $59.5B in 2025
- Military spending per personAustralia: $1,316 in 2025Japan: $504 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingAustralia: 4.9% of government spending in 2025Japan: 3.8% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelAustralia: 60,000 people in 2020Japan: 261,000 people in 2020
- National powerAustralia: 0.6% of world capability in 2022Japan: 2.47% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersAustralia: 0.44% of the labour force in 2020Japan: 0.38% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsAustralia: 826 million TIV in 2025Japan: 1.72 billion TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsAustralia: 108 million TIV in 2025Japan: 28 million TIV in 2025