Azerbaijan vs Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan vs Kazakhstan: Government debt
Government debt: 20.1% of GDP in Azerbaijan in 2025 and 24.4% of GDP in Kazakhstan in 2024, by IMF estimates. In 2024 the value was higher in Kazakhstan, by 2.7 percentage points, or 1.13 times that in Azerbaijan.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Kazakhstan has been higher since 2022, when it overtook Azerbaijan.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Azerbaijan at 16.7% of GDP and Kazakhstan at 29.8% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Azerbaijan | Kazakhstan |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 20.1 | 24.3 |
| 2024 | 21.6 | 24.4 |
| 2023 | 21.8 | 23 |
| 2022 | 17.3 | 23.5 |
| 2021 | 26.4 | 25.1 |
| 2020 | 21.3 | 26.4 |
| 2019 | 17.7 | 19.9 |
| 2018 | 18.7 | 20.3 |
| 2017 | 22.5 | 19.9 |
| 2016 | 20.6 | 19.7 |
| 2015 | 18 | 21.9 |
| 2014 | 8.5 | 14.5 |
| 2013 | 6.2 | 12.6 |
| 2012 | 5.8 | 12.1 |
| 2011 | 5 | 10.2 |
| 2010 | 5 | 10.7 |
| 2009 | 4.7 | 10.2 |
| 2008 | 3.2 | 6.8 |
| 2007 | 4 | 4.1 |
| 2006 | 5.3 | 6.7 |
| 2005 | 6.9 | 8.1 |
| 2004 | 9.7 | 11.4 |
| 2003 | 10.7 | 15 |
| 2002 | 11.9 | 17.6 |
| 2001 | 13 | – |
| 2000 | 13.1 | – |
| 1999 | 25.4 | – |
| 1998 | 14.3 | – |
| 1997 | 11.4 | – |
| 1996 | 16.7 | – |
| 1995 | 19.2 | – |
- 12.3Projected
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Azerbaijan | Kazakhstan |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 16.5 | 23.8 |
| 2027 | 16.4 | 25.1 |
| 2028 | 16.5 | 26.9 |
| 2029 | 16.5 | 28.3 |
| 2030 | 16.6 | 29 |
| 2031 | 16.7 | 29.8 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Azerbaijan vs Kazakhstan
Health
- Life expectancyAzerbaijan: 74.4 years in 2023Kazakhstan: 74.4 years in 2023
- Child mortalityAzerbaijan: 1.8 per 100 live births in 2024Kazakhstan: 0.9 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityAzerbaijan: 15 per 1,000 live births in 2023Kazakhstan: 8.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterAzerbaijan: 71.6% in 2022Kazakhstan: 89.4% in 2021
- DepressionAzerbaijan: 2.59% in 2017Kazakhstan: 3.51% in 2017
- Suicide rateAzerbaijan: 4.1 per 100,000 people in 2017Kazakhstan: 23 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationAzerbaijan: 10.3 million people in 2023Kazakhstan: 20.3 million people in 2023
- Population growthAzerbaijan: -0.26% a year in 2023Kazakhstan: 1.32% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateAzerbaijan: 1.67 births per woman in 2023Kazakhstan: 3.01 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationAzerbaijan: 58.6% in 2025Kazakhstan: 62.4% in 2025
- Median ageAzerbaijan: 32.6 years in 2023Kazakhstan: 29.5 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overAzerbaijan: 8% in 2023Kazakhstan: 8.3% in 2023
- Net migration rateAzerbaijan: -8.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Kazakhstan: -0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingAzerbaijan: 6.47% of GDP in 2025Kazakhstan: 0.43% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsAzerbaijan: $4.67B in 2025Kazakhstan: $1.31B in 2025
- Military spending per personAzerbaijan: $476 in 2025Kazakhstan: $63 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingAzerbaijan: 17.7% of government spending in 2025Kazakhstan: 2.1% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelAzerbaijan: 82,000 people in 2020Kazakhstan: 71,000 people in 2020
- National powerAzerbaijan: 0.14% of world capability in 2022Kazakhstan: 0.27% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersAzerbaijan: 1.58% of the labour force in 2020Kazakhstan: 0.74% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsAzerbaijan: 463 million TIV in 2025Kazakhstan: 18 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsAzerbaijan: 2 million TIV in 2023Kazakhstan: 6 million TIV in 2006