Canada vs Spain
Canada vs Spain: Temperature
Temperature in 2025: -2.6 °C in Canada and 15.1 °C in Spain, by ERA5 observations. In 2025 the value was higher in Spain, by 17.7 °C.
°C · ERA5
What the numbers say
- Spain has been higher in every year both have figures for since 1950.
- In 2025, Canada ranked 232 and Spain ranked 166 of 233 countries, counting from the highest.
- The CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) puts Canada at 0.8 °C and Spain at 16.6 °C in 2100.
Every year
°C · ERA5
| Year | Canada | Canada: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Spain | Spain: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | -2.6 | -2.2 | 15.1 | 14.8 |
| 2024 | -1.8 | -2 | 15.1 | 14.8 |
| 2023 | -1.8 | -2.3 | 15.3 | 14.8 |
| 2022 | -3.6 | -2.3 | 15.5 | 14.9 |
| 2021 | -2.8 | -2.4 | 14.3 | 14.8 |
| 2020 | -3.6 | -2.5 | 14.7 | 14.7 |
| 2019 | -3.6 | -2.7 | 14.6 | 14.8 |
| 2018 | -4.2 | -2.7 | 14.2 | 14.6 |
| 2017 | -3.2 | -2.6 | 15.1 | 14.6 |
| 2016 | -2.7 | -2.7 | 14.6 | 14.6 |
| 2015 | -3.5 | -2.7 | 14.9 | 14.6 |
| 2014 | -4.1 | -2.6 | 14.7 | 14.2 |
| 2013 | -4 | -2.9 | 13.8 | 14.3 |
| 2012 | -3 | -2.9 | 14.2 | 14.1 |
| 2011 | -3.4 | -3 | 14.7 | 14.2 |
| 2010 | -1.7 | -3 | 13.7 | 14.2 |
| 2009 | -4 | -3.1 | 14.5 | 14.2 |
| 2008 | -4.2 | -3 | 13.7 | 14.3 |
| 2007 | -4 | -3.1 | 13.8 | 14.1 |
| 2006 | -2.3 | -3.4 | 14.7 | 14.2 |
| 2005 | -3.2 | -3.1 | 13.9 | 14.1 |
| 2004 | -4.9 | -3.1 | 14 | 14.2 |
| 2003 | -3.7 | -3.1 | 14.6 | 14.1 |
| 2002 | -4.3 | -3.4 | 14.3 | 14 |
| 2001 | -3 | -3.4 | 14.2 | 14.1 |
| 2000 | -4.1 | -3.5 | 14.1 | 14 |
| 1999 | -3.3 | -3.4 | 14 | 13.9 |
| 1998 | -2.6 | -3.6 | 14.1 | 13.8 |
| 1997 | -4.2 | -3.6 | 14.7 | 13.7 |
| 1996 | -4.9 | -3.9 | 13.7 | 13.7 |
| 1995 | -4.2 | -4.1 | 14.8 | 13.6 |
| 1994 | -4.3 | -4.1 | 14.3 | 13.6 |
| 1993 | -4.4 | -4.5 | 12.9 | 13.5 |
| 1992 | -5 | -4.6 | 13.3 | 13.2 |
| 1991 | -4.4 | -4 | 13.4 | 13.8 |
| 1990 | -5 | -3.7 | 14.1 | 13.9 |
| 1989 | -5 | -4.1 | 14.4 | 13.6 |
| 1988 | -4.1 | -4.4 | 13.6 | 13.6 |
| 1987 | -3.3 | -4 | 13.9 | 13.7 |
| 1986 | -4.8 | -4.2 | 13.3 | 13.2 |
| 1985 | -4.8 | -4.4 | 13.6 | 13.4 |
| 1984 | -4.5 | -4.4 | 12.7 | 13.4 |
| 1983 | -4.7 | -4.6 | 13.7 | 13.3 |
| 1982 | -5.8 | -4.2 | 13.6 | 13.5 |
| 1981 | -2.8 | -4.2 | 13.7 | 13.5 |
| 1980 | -4.4 | -4.4 | 13 | 13.5 |
| 1979 | -4.9 | -4.3 | 13 | 13.4 |
| 1978 | -5.4 | -4.4 | 12.7 | 13.4 |
| 1977 | -3.9 | -4.4 | 12.9 | 13.3 |
| 1976 | -4.9 | -4.7 | 12.7 | 13.1 |
| 1975 | -4.9 | -4.3 | 12.7 | 13.4 |
| 1974 | -5.6 | -4.4 | 12.7 | 13.3 |
| 1973 | -4 | -4.6 | 12.8 | 13.2 |
| 1972 | -6.8 | -4.7 | 12.1 | 13.4 |
| 1971 | -4.8 | -4.5 | 12.4 | 13.1 |
| 1970 | -5 | -4.4 | 13.2 | 13.1 |
| 1969 | -4.4 | -4.4 | 12.5 | 13.2 |
| 1968 | -4.7 | -4.8 | 13.3 | 13.1 |
| 1967 | -5.4 | -4.6 | 13 | 13.3 |
| 1966 | -5.1 | -4.5 | 13 | 13.2 |
| 1965 | -5.5 | -4.6 | 12.7 | 13 |
| 1964 | -5.4 | -4.7 | 13.1 | 13.3 |
| 1963 | -4.6 | -4.5 | 12.3 | 13.3 |
| 1962 | -4.8 | -4.5 | 13 | 13.4 |
| 1961 | -5 | -4.4 | 13.9 | 13.3 |
| 1960 | -4.4 | -4.5 | 12.9 | 13.2 |
| 1959 | -5.2 | -4.6 | 13.1 | 13.5 |
| 1958 | -4.2 | -4.2 | 13.1 | 13.3 |
| 1957 | -4.9 | -4.5 | 12.7 | 13.2 |
| 1956 | -5.7 | -4.4 | 11.8 | 13.4 |
| 1955 | -4.9 | -4.2 | 13.7 | 13.5 |
| 1954 | -4.7 | -4.5 | 12.7 | 13.3 |
| 1953 | -4.1 | -4.4 | 13 | 13.3 |
| 1952 | -4.1 | -4.4 | 12.8 | 13.3 |
| 1951 | -5.5 | -4.4 | 12.5 | 13.3 |
| 1950 | -6 | -4.3 | 13.5 | 13.5 |
- 12.3Projected
CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) · 2026–2100
| Year | Canada | Canada: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Spain | Spain: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | – | -2.2-3.6–-0.3 | – | 14.814.3–15.9 |
| 2027 | – | -2.2-3.6–-0.5 | – | 1514.4–15.9 |
| 2028 | – | -2.2-3.8–-0.8 | – | 1514–16.1 |
| 2029 | – | -2.1-3.4–-0.6 | – | 14.914.1–15.8 |
| 2030 | – | -2.2-3.7–-0.6 | – | 1514–15.8 |
| 2031 | – | -2.1-3.6–-0.6 | – | 1514.2–15.7 |
| 2032 | – | -1.9-3.5–-0.4 | – | 15.314.3–15.9 |
| 2033 | – | -2-3.4–-0.7 | – | 15.114.3–15.9 |
| 2034 | – | -1.8-3–-0.6 | – | 15.214.5–16.1 |
| 2035 | – | -1.7-3.1–-0.3 | – | 15.314.3–16.1 |
| 2036 | – | -1.8-3.2–-0.3 | – | 15.314.6–16.3 |
| 2037 | – | -1.7-3.3–-0.1 | – | 15.314.5–15.9 |
| 2038 | – | -1.7-3.3–0.2 | – | 15.414.8–16.1 |
| 2039 | – | -1.5-3.1–0.2 | – | 15.314.5–16.1 |
| 2040 | – | -1.6-3.1–0.2 | – | 15.214.4–16.3 |
| 2041 | – | -1.3-2.7–0.1 | – | 15.314.4–16 |
| 2042 | – | -1.5-2.8–0.2 | – | 15.214.6–16.2 |
| 2043 | – | -1.5-2.9–0.4 | – | 15.414.2–16.4 |
| 2044 | – | -1.2-2.6–0.5 | – | 15.314.6–16.3 |
| 2045 | – | -1.5-3.1–0.2 | – | 15.514.8–16.2 |
| 2046 | – | -1-2.6–0.8 | – | 15.414.5–16.3 |
| 2047 | – | -1-2.6–0.6 | – | 15.614.6–16.3 |
| 2048 | – | -1.2-2.7–0.6 | – | 15.414.8–16.4 |
| 2049 | – | -0.9-2.3–0.7 | – | 15.714.7–16.9 |
| 2050 | – | -1.1-2.7–0.9 | – | 15.714.9–16.6 |
| 2051 | – | -1.2-2.7–0.8 | – | 15.614.6–16.7 |
| 2052 | – | -0.9-2.4–0.9 | – | 15.614.9–16.6 |
| 2053 | – | -0.9-2.9–0.8 | – | 15.714.7–16.8 |
| 2054 | – | -1.2-2.7–1.1 | – | 15.814.7–16.7 |
| 2055 | – | -0.7-2.5–1 | – | 15.814.9–16.7 |
| 2056 | – | -1.1-3.1–0.9 | – | 15.714.9–16.7 |
| 2057 | – | -0.8-2.4–1.2 | – | 15.914.7–16.9 |
| 2058 | – | -0.7-2.4–1.4 | – | 15.914.9–17.1 |
| 2059 | – | -0.5-1.9–1.4 | – | 15.814.9–17 |
| 2060 | – | -0.4-1.9–1.2 | – | 15.915.3–16.8 |
| 2061 | – | -0.3-2.2–1.5 | – | 16.215.1–17.1 |
| 2062 | – | -0.5-2.4–1.7 | – | 16.114.7–17 |
| 2063 | – | -0.5-1.9–1.5 | – | 16.315.1–17 |
| 2064 | – | -0.6-2.3–1.5 | – | 15.814.8–17 |
| 2065 | – | -0.5-2.1–1.8 | – | 15.914.7–17.2 |
| 2066 | – | -0.4-2–2.1 | – | 1615–16.9 |
| 2067 | – | -0.4-1.9–1.5 | – | 1615–17.1 |
| 2068 | – | -0.3-1.8–2.1 | – | 1615.3–17.2 |
| 2069 | – | -0.1-2.1–1.8 | – | 16.415.2–17.1 |
| 2070 | – | -0.4-2–2.1 | – | 16.215.1–17.4 |
| 2071 | – | -0.3-2.1–2 | – | 16.315.2–17.3 |
| 2072 | – | -0-1.8–2.2 | – | 16.215.1–17.4 |
| 2073 | – | 0.1-1.9–2.5 | – | 16.415.1–17.4 |
| 2074 | – | -0-1.6–2.2 | – | 16.315.2–17.5 |
| 2075 | – | -0.3-1.9–1.9 | – | 16.115.1–17.3 |
| 2076 | – | -0-2–2.1 | – | 16.315.2–17.5 |
| 2077 | – | 0.1-1.7–2.5 | – | 16.114.9–17.4 |
| 2078 | – | -0-1.5–2.5 | – | 16.115.1–17.6 |
| 2079 | – | -0.1-1.8–2.3 | – | 16.115.2–17.6 |
| 2080 | – | 0-1.9–2 | – | 16.315.3–17.4 |
| 2081 | – | 0.1-2–2.2 | – | 16.115.2–17.6 |
| 2082 | – | 0.2-1.5–2.3 | – | 16.315.3–17.5 |
| 2083 | – | 0.1-1.5–2.3 | – | 16.515.4–17.5 |
| 2084 | – | 0.2-1.5–2.4 | – | 16.415.5–17.5 |
| 2085 | – | 0.5-1.7–2.8 | – | 16.515.6–17.6 |
| 2086 | – | 0.5-1.3–2.7 | – | 16.415.4–17.7 |
| 2087 | – | 0.4-1.4–2.6 | – | 16.715.8–18 |
| 2088 | – | 0.3-1.8–2.5 | – | 16.715.7–18.2 |
| 2089 | – | 0.3-1.6–2.4 | – | 16.515.6–17.6 |
| 2090 | – | 0.3-1.9–2.3 | – | 16.815.6–17.8 |
| 2091 | – | 0.4-1.3–2.7 | – | 16.715.4–17.8 |
| 2092 | – | 0.5-1.5–3 | – | 16.515.4–17.6 |
| 2093 | – | 0.5-1.5–2.9 | – | 16.515.5–17.6 |
| 2094 | – | 0.5-1.6–2.9 | – | 16.415.2–17.9 |
| 2095 | – | 0.6-1.2–3.2 | – | 16.615.3–17.8 |
| 2096 | – | 0.7-1.3–3.3 | – | 16.815–18 |
| 2097 | – | 0.8-1.1–2.9 | – | 16.615.5–17.9 |
| 2098 | – | 0.9-1.2–3 | – | 16.715.4–17.8 |
| 2099 | – | 0.5-1.5–3 | – | 16.715.6–17.9 |
| 2100 | – | 0.8-1.4–3.2 | – | 16.615.3–17.8 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- The average air temperature near the ground, over the whole country and the whole year.
- Source: ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus, ECMWF) and CMIP6, via the World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal.
- The dashed line is the CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its models’ 10th–90th percentile.
- Climate model values are the median of the CMIP6 models, run on past emissions to 2014 and on SSP2-4.5, a middle-of-the-road path, after: they are not measurements.
- Ranks count the 233 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Canada vs Spain
Health
- Life expectancyCanada: 82.6 years in 2023Spain: 83.7 years in 2023
- Child mortalityCanada: 0.5 per 100 live births in 2024Spain: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityCanada: 4.3 per 1,000 live births in 2023Spain: 2.4 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterCanada: 99% in 2022Spain: 99.6% in 2022
- DepressionCanada: 3.99% in 2017Spain: 3.54% in 2017
- Suicide rateCanada: 10.9 per 100,000 people in 2017Spain: 5.5 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationCanada: 39.3 million people in 2023Spain: 47.9 million people in 2023
- Population growthCanada: 1.22% a year in 2023Spain: 0.02% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateCanada: 1.35 births per woman in 2023Spain: 1.21 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationCanada: 82.9% in 2025Spain: 80.5% in 2025
- Median ageCanada: 40.3 years in 2023Spain: 44.9 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overCanada: 19.4% in 2023Spain: 20.7% in 2023
- Net migration rateCanada: 11 per 1,000 people in 2023Spain: 2.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingCanada: 1.63% of GDP in 2025Spain: 2.13% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsCanada: $37.5B in 2025Spain: $37.7B in 2025
- Military spending per personCanada: $939 in 2025Spain: $839 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingCanada: 3.7% of government spending in 2025Spain: 4.7% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelCanada: 72,000 people in 2020Spain: 199,000 people in 2020
- National powerCanada: 0.81% of world capability in 2022Spain: 0.66% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersCanada: 0.35% of the labour force in 2020Spain: 0.87% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsCanada: 83 million TIV in 2025Spain: 237 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsCanada: 312 million TIV in 2025Spain: 341 million TIV in 2025