Ethiopia vs Thailand
Ethiopia vs Thailand: Government debt
Government debt in 2024: 33.5% of GDP in Ethiopia and 62.9% of GDP in Thailand, by IMF estimates. In 2024 the value was higher in Thailand, by 29.4 percentage points, or 1.88 times that in Ethiopia.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Thailand has been higher since 2021, when it overtook Ethiopia.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Ethiopia at 27.5% of GDP and Thailand at 69.8% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Ethiopia | Thailand |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 33.5 | 62.9 |
| 2023 | 38.7 | 62.2 |
| 2022 | 47 | 60.6 |
| 2021 | 53.8 | 58.4 |
| 2020 | 53.3 | 49.4 |
| 2019 | 54.7 | 41.1 |
| 2018 | 58.5 | 41.9 |
| 2017 | 55.3 | 41.8 |
| 2016 | 51.8 | 41.7 |
| 2015 | 50.7 | 42.6 |
| 2014 | 44.2 | 43.3 |
| 2013 | 44.1 | 42.2 |
| 2012 | 39.4 | 41.9 |
| 2011 | 44.6 | 39.1 |
| 2010 | 39.4 | 39.8 |
| 2009 | 30 | 42.4 |
| 2008 | 56.1 | 35 |
| 2007 | 55.7 | 36 |
| 2006 | 79.6 | 39.2 |
| 2005 | 78.2 | 45.5 |
| 2004 | 103.1 | 46.3 |
| 2003 | 103.7 | 47.5 |
| 2002 | 107.4 | 54.9 |
| 2001 | 97.3 | 57.5 |
| 2000 | 93.6 | 57.8 |
| 1999 | 97.8 | 56.6 |
| 1998 | 89.3 | 49.9 |
| 1997 | 80.3 | 40.5 |
| 1996 | 132.8 | 15.2 |
| 1995 | 146.6 | – |
| 1994 | 155.2 | – |
| 1993 | 141 | – |
| 1992 | 87.9 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2025–2031
| Year | Ethiopia | Thailand |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 43.3 | 64.7 |
| 2026 | 40.7 | 67.2 |
| 2027 | 37 | 68.5 |
| 2028 | 34.2 | 69.1 |
| 2029 | 31.8 | 69.4 |
| 2030 | 29.7 | 69.6 |
| 2031 | 27.5 | 69.8 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Ethiopia vs Thailand
Health
- Life expectancyEthiopia: 67.3 years in 2023Thailand: 76.4 years in 2023
- Child mortalityEthiopia: 4.5 per 100 live births in 2024Thailand: 0.9 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityEthiopia: 33 per 1,000 live births in 2023Thailand: 6.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionEthiopia: 3.82% in 2017Thailand: 3.09% in 2017
- Suicide rateEthiopia: 9.6 per 100,000 people in 2017Thailand: 10.4 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationEthiopia: 129 million people in 2023Thailand: 71.7 million people in 2023
- Population growthEthiopia: 2.59% a year in 2023Thailand: -0.04% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateEthiopia: 3.99 births per woman in 2023Thailand: 1.21 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationEthiopia: 24.1% in 2025Thailand: 62.8% in 2025
- Median ageEthiopia: 18.7 years in 2023Thailand: 39.7 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overEthiopia: 3.2% in 2023Thailand: 14.7% in 2023
- Net migration rateEthiopia: -0.1 per 1,000 people in 2023Thailand: 0.3 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingEthiopia: 0.49% of GDP in 2025Thailand: 1.04% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsEthiopia: $785M in 2025Thailand: $5.57B in 2025
- Military spending per personEthiopia: $4 in 2025Thailand: $84 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingEthiopia: 4.1% of government spending in 2025Thailand: 4.4% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelEthiopia: 138,000 people in 2020Thailand: 455,000 people in 2020
- National powerEthiopia: 0.85% of world capability in 2022Thailand: 0.79% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersEthiopia: 0.28% of the labour force in 2020Thailand: 1.13% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsEthiopia: 63 million TIV in 2025Thailand: 33 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsEthiopia: 17 million TIV in 1997Thailand: 15 million TIV in 2024