France vs Saudi Arabia
France vs Saudi Arabia: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 115.5% of GDP in France and 31.8% of GDP in Saudi Arabia, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in France, by 83.7 percentage points, or 3.63 times that in Saudi Arabia.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- France has been higher since 2004, when it overtook Saudi Arabia.
- In 2025, France ranked 7 and Saudi Arabia ranked 122 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts France at 123.6% of GDP and Saudi Arabia at 48.7% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | France | Saudi Arabia |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 115.5 | 31.8 |
| 2024 | 112.6 | 25.9 |
| 2023 | 109.5 | 23 |
| 2022 | 111.4 | 21.3 |
| 2021 | 112.8 | 25.5 |
| 2020 | 114.9 | 29.7 |
| 2019 | 98.2 | 20.3 |
| 2018 | 98.5 | 16.8 |
| 2017 | 98.8 | 16 |
| 2016 | 98.2 | 12.3 |
| 2015 | 97 | 5.5 |
| 2014 | 96.2 | 1.5 |
| 2013 | 94.6 | 2.1 |
| 2012 | 91.7 | 3 |
| 2011 | 88.8 | 5.3 |
| 2010 | 86.3 | 8.4 |
| 2009 | 84.1 | 14 |
| 2008 | 69.8 | 12.1 |
| 2007 | 65.5 | 17.1 |
| 2006 | 65.4 | 25.8 |
| 2005 | 68.2 | 37.3 |
| 2004 | 66.9 | 62.9 |
| 2003 | 65.4 | 81.6 |
| 2002 | 61.3 | 96.4 |
| 2001 | 59.3 | 93.2 |
| 2000 | 59.7 | 86.7 |
| 1999 | 61.4 | 103 |
| 1998 | 62.1 | 101.5 |
| 1997 | 62 | 76.7 |
| 1996 | 60.6 | 75.2 |
| 1995 | 57.8 | 74.3 |
| 1994 | 51.6 | 67.9 |
| 1993 | 48.2 | 58.6 |
| 1992 | 41.7 | 47.8 |
| 1991 | 37.8 | 39.4 |
| 1990 | 36.8 | – |
| 1989 | 35.5 | – |
| 1988 | 34.7 | – |
| 1987 | 34.8 | – |
| 1986 | 32.4 | – |
| 1985 | 31.9 | – |
| 1984 | 30.2 | – |
| 1983 | 27.7 | – |
| 1982 | 26.2 | – |
| 1981 | 22.7 | – |
| 1980 | 21.3 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | France | Saudi Arabia |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 118.5 | 35.4 |
| 2027 | 120.4 | 37.3 |
| 2028 | 121.7 | 40.2 |
| 2029 | 122.6 | 43.1 |
| 2030 | 123.2 | 45.9 |
| 2031 | 123.6 | 48.7 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
France vs Saudi Arabia
Health
- Life expectancyFrance: 83.3 years in 2023Saudi Arabia: 78.7 years in 2023
- Child mortalityFrance: 0.4 per 100 live births in 2024Saudi Arabia: 0.6 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityFrance: 3.5 per 1,000 live births in 2023Saudi Arabia: 5.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionFrance: 4.25% in 2017Saudi Arabia: 3.54% in 2017
- Suicide rateFrance: 12.4 per 100,000 people in 2017Saudi Arabia: 2.9 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationFrance: 66.4 million people in 2023Saudi Arabia: 33.3 million people in 2023
- Population growthFrance: 0.17% a year in 2023Saudi Arabia: 2.39% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateFrance: 1.64 births per woman in 2023Saudi Arabia: 2.28 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationFrance: 78.8% in 2025Saudi Arabia: 84.6% in 2025
- Median ageFrance: 41.8 years in 2023Saudi Arabia: 29.3 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overFrance: 21.8% in 2023Saudi Arabia: 2.8% in 2023
- Net migration rateFrance: 1.4 per 1,000 people in 2023Saudi Arabia: 9.8 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingFrance: 2.03% of GDP in 2025Saudi Arabia: 6.48% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsFrance: $64.5B in 2025Saudi Arabia: $81.5B in 2025
- Military spending per personFrance: $1,021 in 2025Saudi Arabia: $2,428 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingFrance: 3.5% of government spending in 2025Saudi Arabia: 23.5% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelFrance: 304,000 people in 2020Saudi Arabia: 282,000 people in 2020
- National powerFrance: 1.09% of world capability in 2022Saudi Arabia: 1.34% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersFrance: 1% of the labour force in 2020Saudi Arabia: 1.92% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsFrance: 236 million TIV in 2025Saudi Arabia: 3.04 billion TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsFrance: 3.37 billion TIV in 2025Saudi Arabia: 3 million TIV in 2023