Italy vs Portugal
Italy vs Portugal: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 137.1% of GDP in Italy and 89.7% of GDP in Portugal, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Italy, by 47.4 percentage points, or 1.53 times that in Portugal.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Italy has been higher since 2013, when it overtook Portugal.
- In 2025, Italy ranked 3 and Portugal ranked 23 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Italy at 135.6% of GDP and Portugal at 72% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Italy | Portugal |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 137.1 | 89.7 |
| 2024 | 134.7 | 93.5 |
| 2023 | 133.9 | 96.9 |
| 2022 | 138.4 | 111.2 |
| 2021 | 145.8 | 123.9 |
| 2020 | 154.4 | 134.1 |
| 2019 | 133.9 | 116.1 |
| 2018 | 134.2 | 121.1 |
| 2017 | 133.7 | 126 |
| 2016 | 134.2 | 131.2 |
| 2015 | 134.8 | 131 |
| 2014 | 134.8 | 132.5 |
| 2013 | 131.9 | 130.8 |
| 2012 | 125.9 | 128.6 |
| 2011 | 119.1 | 114 |
| 2010 | 118.8 | 99.9 |
| 2009 | 116.1 | 87.6 |
| 2008 | 105.8 | 75.5 |
| 2007 | 103.5 | 72.7 |
| 2006 | 106.3 | 73.7 |
| 2005 | 106.2 | 72.2 |
| 2004 | 104.7 | 67.1 |
| 2003 | 105.1 | 63.9 |
| 2002 | 105.9 | 60 |
| 2001 | 108.5 | 57.4 |
| 2000 | 108.7 | 54.2 |
| 1999 | 113.1 | 55.4 |
| 1998 | 113.9 | 55.6 |
| 1997 | 116.5 | 58.2 |
| 1996 | 118.9 | 64.8 |
| 1995 | 119.1 | 63.5 |
| 1994 | 130.8 | 61.6 |
| 1993 | 124.1 | 58.4 |
| 1992 | 113 | 59.3 |
| 1991 | 105.3 | 65.2 |
| 1990 | 101.7 | 61.4 |
| 1989 | 98.4 | – |
| 1988 | 95.7 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Italy | Portugal |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 137.9 | 85.1 |
| 2027 | 137.6 | 81 |
| 2028 | 137 | 77.9 |
| 2029 | 136.2 | 75.3 |
| 2030 | 135.8 | 73.4 |
| 2031 | 135.6 | 72 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Italy vs Portugal
Health
- Life expectancyItaly: 83.7 years in 2023Portugal: 82.4 years in 2023
- Child mortalityItaly: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024Portugal: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityItaly: 2.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023Portugal: 2.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterItaly: 92.7% in 2022Portugal: 95.2% in 2022
- DepressionItaly: 3.46% in 2017Portugal: 4.42% in 2017
- Suicide rateItaly: 4.8 per 100,000 people in 2017Portugal: 7.7 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationItaly: 59.5 million people in 2023Portugal: 10.4 million people in 2023
- Population growthItaly: -0.22% a year in 2023Portugal: -0% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateItaly: 1.2 births per woman in 2023Portugal: 1.51 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationItaly: 69.7% in 2025Portugal: 61.5% in 2025
- Median ageItaly: 47.5 years in 2023Portugal: 46.2 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overItaly: 24.2% in 2023Portugal: 24.1% in 2023
- Net migration rateItaly: 2.5 per 1,000 people in 2023Portugal: 2.8 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingItaly: 1.89% of GDP in 2025Portugal: 1.71% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsItaly: $45.4B in 2025Portugal: $5.51B in 2025
- Military spending per personItaly: $813 in 2025Portugal: $563 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingItaly: 3.7% of government spending in 2025Portugal: 4% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelItaly: 338,000 people in 2020Portugal: 52,000 people in 2020
- National powerItaly: 0.96% of world capability in 2022Portugal: 0.12% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersItaly: 1.35% of the labour force in 2020Portugal: 1.01% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsItaly: 566 million TIV in 2025Portugal: 90 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsItaly: 1.92 billion TIV in 2025Portugal: 1 million TIV in 2025