Kazakhstan vs Portugal
Kazakhstan vs Portugal: Government debt
Government debt: 24.4% of GDP in Kazakhstan in 2024 and 89.7% of GDP in Portugal in 2025, by IMF estimates. In 2024 the value was higher in Portugal, by 69.1 percentage points, or 3.83 times that in Kazakhstan.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Portugal has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2002.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Kazakhstan at 29.8% of GDP and Portugal at 72% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Kazakhstan | Portugal |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 24.3 | 89.7 |
| 2024 | 24.4 | 93.5 |
| 2023 | 23 | 96.9 |
| 2022 | 23.5 | 111.2 |
| 2021 | 25.1 | 123.9 |
| 2020 | 26.4 | 134.1 |
| 2019 | 19.9 | 116.1 |
| 2018 | 20.3 | 121.1 |
| 2017 | 19.9 | 126 |
| 2016 | 19.7 | 131.2 |
| 2015 | 21.9 | 131 |
| 2014 | 14.5 | 132.5 |
| 2013 | 12.6 | 130.8 |
| 2012 | 12.1 | 128.6 |
| 2011 | 10.2 | 114 |
| 2010 | 10.7 | 99.9 |
| 2009 | 10.2 | 87.6 |
| 2008 | 6.8 | 75.5 |
| 2007 | 4.1 | 72.7 |
| 2006 | 6.7 | 73.7 |
| 2005 | 8.1 | 72.2 |
| 2004 | 11.4 | 67.1 |
| 2003 | 15 | 63.9 |
| 2002 | 17.6 | 60 |
| 2001 | – | 57.4 |
| 2000 | – | 54.2 |
| 1999 | – | 55.4 |
| 1998 | – | 55.6 |
| 1997 | – | 58.2 |
| 1996 | – | 64.8 |
| 1995 | – | 63.5 |
| 1994 | – | 61.6 |
| 1993 | – | 58.4 |
| 1992 | – | 59.3 |
| 1991 | – | 65.2 |
| 1990 | – | 61.4 |
- 12.3Projected
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Kazakhstan | Portugal |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 23.8 | 85.1 |
| 2027 | 25.1 | 81 |
| 2028 | 26.9 | 77.9 |
| 2029 | 28.3 | 75.3 |
| 2030 | 29 | 73.4 |
| 2031 | 29.8 | 72 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Kazakhstan vs Portugal
Health
- Life expectancyKazakhstan: 74.4 years in 2023Portugal: 82.4 years in 2023
- Child mortalityKazakhstan: 0.9 per 100 live births in 2024Portugal: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityKazakhstan: 8.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023Portugal: 2.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterKazakhstan: 89.4% in 2021Portugal: 95.2% in 2022
- DepressionKazakhstan: 3.51% in 2017Portugal: 4.42% in 2017
- Suicide rateKazakhstan: 23 per 100,000 people in 2017Portugal: 7.7 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationKazakhstan: 20.3 million people in 2023Portugal: 10.4 million people in 2023
- Population growthKazakhstan: 1.32% a year in 2023Portugal: -0% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateKazakhstan: 3.01 births per woman in 2023Portugal: 1.51 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationKazakhstan: 62.4% in 2025Portugal: 61.5% in 2025
- Median ageKazakhstan: 29.5 years in 2023Portugal: 46.2 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overKazakhstan: 8.3% in 2023Portugal: 24.1% in 2023
- Net migration rateKazakhstan: -0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Portugal: 2.8 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingKazakhstan: 0.43% of GDP in 2025Portugal: 1.71% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsKazakhstan: $1.31B in 2025Portugal: $5.51B in 2025
- Military spending per personKazakhstan: $63 in 2025Portugal: $563 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingKazakhstan: 2.1% of government spending in 2025Portugal: 4% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelKazakhstan: 71,000 people in 2020Portugal: 52,000 people in 2020
- National powerKazakhstan: 0.27% of world capability in 2022Portugal: 0.12% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersKazakhstan: 0.74% of the labour force in 2020Portugal: 1.01% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsKazakhstan: 18 million TIV in 2025Portugal: 90 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsKazakhstan: 6 million TIV in 2006Portugal: 1 million TIV in 2025