Saudi Arabia vs Türkiye
Saudi Arabia vs Türkiye: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 31.8% of GDP in Saudi Arabia and 23.7% of GDP in Türkiye, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Saudi Arabia, by 8.1 percentage points, or 1.34 times that in Türkiye.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Saudi Arabia has been higher since 2024, when it overtook Türkiye.
- In 2025, Saudi Arabia ranked 122 and Türkiye ranked 138 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Saudi Arabia at 48.7% of GDP and Türkiye at 25.4% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Saudi Arabia | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 31.8 | 23.7 |
| 2024 | 25.9 | 23.6 |
| 2023 | 23 | 28.3 |
| 2022 | 21.3 | 29.4 |
| 2021 | 25.5 | 38.9 |
| 2020 | 29.7 | 38.3 |
| 2019 | 20.3 | 31.2 |
| 2018 | 16.8 | 28.8 |
| 2017 | 16 | 26.9 |
| 2016 | 12.3 | 27 |
| 2015 | 5.5 | 26.5 |
| 2014 | 1.5 | 27.4 |
| 2013 | 2.1 | 29.6 |
| 2012 | 3 | 30.8 |
| 2011 | 5.3 | 34.8 |
| 2010 | 8.4 | 38.6 |
| 2009 | 14 | 42.4 |
| 2008 | 12.1 | 37 |
| 2007 | 17.1 | 37.1 |
| 2006 | 25.8 | 44.2 |
| 2005 | 37.3 | 50.2 |
| 2004 | 62.9 | 57.1 |
| 2003 | 81.6 | 63.6 |
| 2002 | 96.4 | 71.2 |
| 2001 | 93.2 | 75.6 |
| 2000 | 86.7 | 51.2 |
| 1999 | 103 | – |
| 1998 | 101.5 | – |
| 1997 | 76.7 | – |
| 1996 | 75.2 | – |
| 1995 | 74.3 | – |
| 1994 | 67.9 | – |
| 1993 | 58.6 | – |
| 1992 | 47.8 | – |
| 1991 | 39.4 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Saudi Arabia | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 35.4 | 22.5 |
| 2027 | 37.3 | 22.6 |
| 2028 | 40.2 | 23.2 |
| 2029 | 43.1 | 24.1 |
| 2030 | 45.9 | 25.1 |
| 2031 | 48.7 | 25.4 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Saudi Arabia vs Türkiye
Health
- Life expectancySaudi Arabia: 78.7 years in 2023Türkiye: 77.2 years in 2023
- Child mortalitySaudi Arabia: 0.6 per 100 live births in 2024Türkiye: 1 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalitySaudi Arabia: 5.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023Türkiye: 9.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionSaudi Arabia: 3.54% in 2017Türkiye: 3.72% in 2017
- Suicide rateSaudi Arabia: 2.9 per 100,000 people in 2017Türkiye: 3.3 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationSaudi Arabia: 33.3 million people in 2023Türkiye: 87.3 million people in 2023
- Population growthSaudi Arabia: 2.39% a year in 2023Türkiye: 0.23% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateSaudi Arabia: 2.28 births per woman in 2023Türkiye: 1.63 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationSaudi Arabia: 84.6% in 2025Türkiye: 89.5% in 2025
- Median ageSaudi Arabia: 29.3 years in 2023Türkiye: 32.5 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overSaudi Arabia: 2.8% in 2023Türkiye: 10% in 2023
- Net migration rateSaudi Arabia: 9.8 per 1,000 people in 2023Türkiye: -3.6 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingSaudi Arabia: 6.48% of GDP in 2025Türkiye: 1.91% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsSaudi Arabia: $81.5B in 2025Türkiye: $26.8B in 2025
- Military spending per personSaudi Arabia: $2,428 in 2025Türkiye: $342 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingSaudi Arabia: 23.5% of government spending in 2025Türkiye: 5.9% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelSaudi Arabia: 282,000 people in 2020Türkiye: 512,000 people in 2020
- National powerSaudi Arabia: 1.34% of world capability in 2022Türkiye: 1.25% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersSaudi Arabia: 1.92% of the labour force in 2020Türkiye: 1.61% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsSaudi Arabia: 3.04 billion TIV in 2025Türkiye: 381 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsSaudi Arabia: 3 million TIV in 2023Türkiye: 539 million TIV in 2025