Azerbaijan vs Romania
Azerbaijan vs Romania: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 20.1% of GDP in Azerbaijan and 60.5% of GDP in Romania, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Romania, by 40.3 percentage points, or 3 times that in Azerbaijan.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Romania has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2000.
- In 2025, Azerbaijan ranked 141 and Romania ranked 54 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Azerbaijan at 16.7% of GDP and Romania at 71.3% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Azerbaijan | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 20.1 | 60.5 |
| 2024 | 21.6 | 57.5 |
| 2023 | 21.8 | 52.6 |
| 2022 | 17.3 | 51.9 |
| 2021 | 26.4 | 51.8 |
| 2020 | 21.3 | 49.5 |
| 2019 | 17.7 | 36.8 |
| 2018 | 18.7 | 36.4 |
| 2017 | 22.5 | 37.1 |
| 2016 | 20.6 | 39.6 |
| 2015 | 18 | 39.4 |
| 2014 | 8.5 | 40.5 |
| 2013 | 6.2 | 39.3 |
| 2012 | 5.8 | 36.2 |
| 2011 | 5 | 32.6 |
| 2010 | 5 | 30.2 |
| 2009 | 4.7 | 22.5 |
| 2008 | 3.2 | 13 |
| 2007 | 4 | 12.4 |
| 2006 | 5.3 | 12.7 |
| 2005 | 6.9 | 17.8 |
| 2004 | 9.7 | 21.3 |
| 2003 | 10.7 | 24.9 |
| 2002 | 11.9 | 27.4 |
| 2001 | 13 | 27.4 |
| 2000 | 13.1 | 29.6 |
| 1999 | 25.4 | – |
| 1998 | 14.3 | – |
| 1997 | 11.4 | – |
| 1996 | 16.7 | – |
| 1995 | 19.2 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Azerbaijan | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 16.5 | 62.6 |
| 2027 | 16.4 | 64.9 |
| 2028 | 16.5 | 66.1 |
| 2029 | 16.5 | 68.1 |
| 2030 | 16.6 | 69.8 |
| 2031 | 16.7 | 71.3 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Azerbaijan vs Romania
Health
- Life expectancyAzerbaijan: 74.4 years in 2023Romania: 75.9 years in 2023
- Child mortalityAzerbaijan: 1.8 per 100 live births in 2024Romania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityAzerbaijan: 15 per 1,000 live births in 2023Romania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterAzerbaijan: 71.6% in 2022Romania: 82.1% in 2022
- DepressionAzerbaijan: 2.59% in 2017Romania: 2.36% in 2017
- Suicide rateAzerbaijan: 4.1 per 100,000 people in 2017Romania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationAzerbaijan: 10.3 million people in 2023Romania: 19.1 million people in 2023
- Population growthAzerbaijan: -0.26% a year in 2023Romania: -0.53% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateAzerbaijan: 1.67 births per woman in 2023Romania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationAzerbaijan: 58.6% in 2025Romania: 52.2% in 2025
- Median ageAzerbaijan: 32.6 years in 2023Romania: 42.6 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overAzerbaijan: 8% in 2023Romania: 19.8% in 2023
- Net migration rateAzerbaijan: -8.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Romania: -1.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingAzerbaijan: 6.47% of GDP in 2025Romania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsAzerbaijan: $4.67B in 2025Romania: $8.81B in 2025
- Military spending per personAzerbaijan: $476 in 2025Romania: $513 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingAzerbaijan: 17.7% of government spending in 2025Romania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelAzerbaijan: 82,000 people in 2020Romania: 128,000 people in 2020
- National powerAzerbaijan: 0.14% of world capability in 2022Romania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersAzerbaijan: 1.58% of the labour force in 2020Romania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsAzerbaijan: 463 million TIV in 2025Romania: 421 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsAzerbaijan: 2 million TIV in 2023Romania: 132 million TIV in 2025