Benin vs Madagascar
Benin vs Madagascar: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 59.3% of GDP in Benin and 47.8% of GDP in Madagascar, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Benin, by 11.5 percentage points, or 1.24 times that in Madagascar.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Benin has been higher since 2021, when it overtook Madagascar.
- In 2025, Benin ranked 58 and Madagascar ranked 85 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Benin at 50.3% of GDP and Madagascar at 49.7% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Benin | Madagascar |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 59.3 | 47.8 |
| 2024 | 60.5 | 49.8 |
| 2023 | 61.3 | 52.2 |
| 2022 | 59.7 | 49.8 |
| 2021 | 55.6 | 49.4 |
| 2020 | 46.1 | 52.9 |
| 2019 | 40.4 | 41.3 |
| 2018 | 40.8 | 42.9 |
| 2017 | 39.4 | 40.1 |
| 2016 | 35.9 | 40.3 |
| 2015 | 30.9 | 44.1 |
| 2014 | 22.3 | 37.9 |
| 2013 | 18.5 | 36.2 |
| 2012 | 19.5 | 30.4 |
| 2011 | 21.9 | 30 |
| 2010 | 21 | 32.3 |
| 2009 | 18.8 | 34.9 |
| 2008 | 18.3 | 31 |
| 2007 | 14.3 | 28.2 |
| 2006 | 8.4 | 32.2 |
| 2005 | 27 | 74.4 |
| 2004 | 21.5 | 81.9 |
| 2003 | 23.4 | 85.9 |
| 2002 | 30.8 | 86.7 |
| 2001 | 38 | 82.1 |
| 2000 | 39.6 | 90.2 |
| 1999 | 39.4 | 104.1 |
| 1998 | 53.6 | 108.5 |
| 1997 | – | 89.7 |
| 1996 | – | 98.7 |
| 1995 | – | 95.8 |
| 1994 | – | 96 |
| 1993 | – | 105.2 |
| 1992 | – | 110.9 |
| 1991 | – | 113.8 |
| 1990 | – | 92.7 |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Benin | Madagascar |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 58.1 | 49.8 |
| 2027 | 56.5 | 50.6 |
| 2028 | 54.7 | 50.9 |
| 2029 | 53.1 | 50.9 |
| 2030 | 51.7 | 49.9 |
| 2031 | 50.3 | 49.7 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Benin vs Madagascar
Health
- Life expectancyBenin: 60.8 years in 2023Madagascar: 63.6 years in 2023
- Child mortalityBenin: 7.5 per 100 live births in 2024Madagascar: 6.2 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityBenin: 52.3 per 1,000 live births in 2023Madagascar: 45 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionBenin: 3.63% in 2017Madagascar: 3.71% in 2017
- Suicide rateBenin: 11.1 per 100,000 people in 2017Madagascar: 11 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationBenin: 14.1 million people in 2023Madagascar: 31.2 million people in 2023
- Population growthBenin: 2.51% a year in 2023Madagascar: 2.45% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateBenin: 4.56 births per woman in 2023Madagascar: 3.97 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationBenin: 53.4% in 2025Madagascar: 32.9% in 2025
- Median ageBenin: 17.8 years in 2023Madagascar: 18.9 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overBenin: 3.1% in 2023Madagascar: 3.3% in 2023
- Net migration rateBenin: -0 per 1,000 people in 2023Madagascar: -0 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingBenin: 0.89% of GDP in 2025Madagascar: 0.62% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsBenin: $204M in 2025Madagascar: $111M in 2025
- Military spending per personBenin: $15 in 2025Madagascar: $4 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingBenin: 4.8% of government spending in 2025Madagascar: 3.8% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelBenin: 12,000 people in 2020Madagascar: 22,000 people in 2020
- National powerBenin: 0.07% of world capability in 2022Madagascar: 0.11% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersBenin: 0.21% of the labour force in 2020Madagascar: 0.15% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsBenin: 4 million TIV in 2025Madagascar: 3 million TIV in 2025