Bulgaria vs Türkiye
Bulgaria vs Türkiye: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 29.9% of GDP in Bulgaria and 23.7% of GDP in Türkiye, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Bulgaria, by 6.2 percentage points, or 1.26 times that in Türkiye.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Bulgaria has been higher since 2024, when it overtook Türkiye.
- In 2025, Bulgaria ranked 129 and Türkiye ranked 138 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Bulgaria at 40.9% of GDP and Türkiye at 25.4% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Bulgaria | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 29.9 | 23.7 |
| 2024 | 23.8 | 23.6 |
| 2023 | 22.9 | 28.3 |
| 2022 | 22.5 | 29.4 |
| 2021 | 23.9 | 38.9 |
| 2020 | 22.7 | 38.3 |
| 2019 | 18.4 | 31.2 |
| 2018 | 20.2 | 28.8 |
| 2017 | 22.9 | 26.9 |
| 2016 | 27 | 27 |
| 2015 | 25.4 | 26.5 |
| 2014 | 26.3 | 27.4 |
| 2013 | 17.2 | 29.6 |
| 2012 | 16.6 | 30.8 |
| 2011 | 14.3 | 34.8 |
| 2010 | 14.1 | 38.6 |
| 2009 | 14.5 | 42.4 |
| 2008 | 14.7 | 37 |
| 2007 | 17.6 | 37.1 |
| 2006 | 22.6 | 44.2 |
| 2005 | 28.5 | 50.2 |
| 2004 | 37.8 | 57.1 |
| 2003 | 45.4 | 63.6 |
| 2002 | 53.4 | 71.2 |
| 2001 | 67.1 | 75.6 |
| 2000 | 73.3 | 51.2 |
| 1999 | 78.7 | – |
| 1998 | 67.3 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Bulgaria | Türkiye |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 32.9 | 22.5 |
| 2027 | 34.6 | 22.6 |
| 2028 | 36.2 | 23.2 |
| 2029 | 38.2 | 24.1 |
| 2030 | 39.8 | 25.1 |
| 2031 | 40.9 | 25.4 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Bulgaria vs Türkiye
Health
- Life expectancyBulgaria: 75.6 years in 2023Türkiye: 77.2 years in 2023
- Child mortalityBulgaria: 0.6 per 100 live births in 2024Türkiye: 1 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityBulgaria: 4.7 per 1,000 live births in 2023Türkiye: 9.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionBulgaria: 2.54% in 2017Türkiye: 3.72% in 2017
- Suicide rateBulgaria: 9.5 per 100,000 people in 2017Türkiye: 3.3 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationBulgaria: 6.8 million people in 2023Türkiye: 87.3 million people in 2023
- Population growthBulgaria: -0.52% a year in 2023Türkiye: 0.23% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateBulgaria: 1.75 births per woman in 2023Türkiye: 1.63 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationBulgaria: 74.2% in 2025Türkiye: 89.5% in 2025
- Median ageBulgaria: 44.3 years in 2023Türkiye: 32.5 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overBulgaria: 21.8% in 2023Türkiye: 10% in 2023
- Net migration rateBulgaria: 0.8 per 1,000 people in 2023Türkiye: -3.6 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingBulgaria: 2.01% of GDP in 2025Türkiye: 1.91% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsBulgaria: $2.4B in 2025Türkiye: $26.8B in 2025
- Military spending per personBulgaria: $384 in 2025Türkiye: $342 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingBulgaria: 5.2% of government spending in 2025Türkiye: 5.9% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelBulgaria: 37,000 people in 2020Türkiye: 512,000 people in 2020
- National powerBulgaria: 0.09% of world capability in 2022Türkiye: 1.25% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersBulgaria: 1.18% of the labour force in 2020Türkiye: 1.61% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsBulgaria: 540 million TIV in 2025Türkiye: 381 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsBulgaria: 33 million TIV in 2024Türkiye: 539 million TIV in 2025