Egypt vs Saudi Arabia
Egypt vs Saudi Arabia: Government debt
Government debt: 90.9% of GDP in Egypt in 2024 and 31.8% of GDP in Saudi Arabia in 2025, by IMF estimates. In 2024 the value was higher in Egypt, by 65.1 percentage points, or 3.52 times that in Saudi Arabia.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Egypt has been higher since 2003, when it overtook Saudi Arabia.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Egypt at 71.5% of GDP and Saudi Arabia at 48.7% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Egypt | Saudi Arabia |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 86.8 | 31.8 |
| 2024 | 90.9 | 25.9 |
| 2023 | 95.9 | 23 |
| 2022 | 88.5 | 21.3 |
| 2021 | 89.9 | 25.5 |
| 2020 | 86.2 | 29.7 |
| 2019 | 80.1 | 20.3 |
| 2018 | 88 | 16.8 |
| 2017 | 97.8 | 16 |
| 2016 | 91.6 | 12.3 |
| 2015 | 83.8 | 5.5 |
| 2014 | 80.9 | 1.5 |
| 2013 | 79.8 | 2.1 |
| 2012 | 69.9 | 3 |
| 2011 | 72.8 | 5.3 |
| 2010 | 69.6 | 8.4 |
| 2009 | 69.5 | 14 |
| 2008 | 66.8 | 12.1 |
| 2007 | 76.3 | 17.1 |
| 2006 | 85.9 | 25.8 |
| 2005 | 98.3 | 37.3 |
| 2004 | 96.5 | 62.9 |
| 2003 | 97.1 | 81.6 |
| 2002 | 85.8 | 96.4 |
| 2001 | 79.2 | 93.2 |
| 2000 | 71.7 | 86.7 |
| 1999 | 72.4 | 103 |
| 1998 | 73.8 | 101.5 |
| 1997 | – | 76.7 |
| 1996 | – | 75.2 |
| 1995 | – | 74.3 |
| 1994 | – | 67.9 |
| 1993 | – | 58.6 |
| 1992 | – | 47.8 |
| 1991 | – | 39.4 |
- 12.3Projected
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Egypt | Saudi Arabia |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 84 | 35.4 |
| 2027 | 82.9 | 37.3 |
| 2028 | 81.4 | 40.2 |
| 2029 | 78 | 43.1 |
| 2030 | 75 | 45.9 |
| 2031 | 71.5 | 48.7 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Egypt vs Saudi Arabia
Health
- Life expectancyEgypt: 71.6 years in 2023Saudi Arabia: 78.7 years in 2023
- Child mortalityEgypt: 2.2 per 100 live births in 2024Saudi Arabia: 0.6 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityEgypt: 14.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023Saudi Arabia: 5.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionEgypt: 3.24% in 2017Saudi Arabia: 3.54% in 2017
- Suicide rateEgypt: 5.5 per 100,000 people in 2017Saudi Arabia: 2.9 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationEgypt: 115 million people in 2023Saudi Arabia: 33.3 million people in 2023
- Population growthEgypt: 1.82% a year in 2023Saudi Arabia: 2.39% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateEgypt: 2.75 births per woman in 2023Saudi Arabia: 2.28 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationEgypt: 42.9% in 2025Saudi Arabia: 84.6% in 2025
- Median ageEgypt: 24 years in 2023Saudi Arabia: 29.3 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overEgypt: 5% in 2023Saudi Arabia: 2.8% in 2023
- Net migration rateEgypt: 2.7 per 1,000 people in 2023Saudi Arabia: 9.8 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingEgypt: 0.61% of GDP in 2025Saudi Arabia: 6.48% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsEgypt: $2.26B in 2025Saudi Arabia: $81.5B in 2025
- Military spending per personEgypt: $21 in 2025Saudi Arabia: $2,428 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingEgypt: 2.5% of government spending in 2025Saudi Arabia: 23.5% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelEgypt: 836,000 people in 2020Saudi Arabia: 282,000 people in 2020
- National powerEgypt: 1.18% of world capability in 2022Saudi Arabia: 1.34% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersEgypt: 2.76% of the labour force in 2020Saudi Arabia: 1.92% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsEgypt: 697 million TIV in 2025Saudi Arabia: 3.04 billion TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsEgypt: 2 million TIV in 2024Saudi Arabia: 3 million TIV in 2023