Germany vs Portugal
Germany vs Portugal: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 62.7% of GDP in Germany and 89.7% of GDP in Portugal, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Portugal, by 27 percentage points, or 1.43 times that in Germany.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Portugal has been higher since 2002, when it overtook Germany.
- In 2025, Germany ranked 51 and Portugal ranked 23 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Germany at 75.6% of GDP and Portugal at 72% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Germany | Portugal |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 62.7 | 89.7 |
| 2024 | 61.4 | 93.5 |
| 2023 | 61.8 | 96.9 |
| 2022 | 64.1 | 111.2 |
| 2021 | 67.4 | 123.9 |
| 2020 | 67.5 | 134.1 |
| 2019 | 58.4 | 116.1 |
| 2018 | 60.5 | 121.1 |
| 2017 | 63.7 | 126 |
| 2016 | 68.1 | 131.2 |
| 2015 | 71 | 131 |
| 2014 | 74.4 | 132.5 |
| 2013 | 77.4 | 130.8 |
| 2012 | 79.8 | 128.6 |
| 2011 | 78.5 | 114 |
| 2010 | 81 | 99.9 |
| 2009 | 72.4 | 87.6 |
| 2008 | 65.2 | 75.5 |
| 2007 | 63.7 | 72.7 |
| 2006 | 66.4 | 73.7 |
| 2005 | 67.1 | 72.2 |
| 2004 | 65 | 67.1 |
| 2003 | 63.3 | 63.9 |
| 2002 | 59.8 | 60 |
| 2001 | 58.1 | 57.4 |
| 2000 | 59.2 | 54.2 |
| 1999 | 60.4 | 55.4 |
| 1998 | 59.4 | 55.6 |
| 1997 | 58.8 | 58.2 |
| 1996 | 57.7 | 64.8 |
| 1995 | 54.9 | 63.5 |
| 1994 | 47.5 | 61.6 |
| 1993 | 45.1 | 58.4 |
| 1992 | 41.4 | 59.3 |
| 1991 | 39 | 65.2 |
| 1990 | – | 61.4 |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Germany | Portugal |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 64.6 | 85.1 |
| 2027 | 67 | 81 |
| 2028 | 69.3 | 77.9 |
| 2029 | 71.5 | 75.3 |
| 2030 | 73.6 | 73.4 |
| 2031 | 75.6 | 72 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Germany vs Portugal
Health
- Life expectancyGermany: 81.4 years in 2023Portugal: 82.4 years in 2023
- Child mortalityGermany: 0.4 per 100 live births in 2024Portugal: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityGermany: 3 per 1,000 live births in 2023Portugal: 2.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterGermany: 99.9% in 2022Portugal: 95.2% in 2022
- DepressionGermany: 3.96% in 2017Portugal: 4.42% in 2017
- Suicide rateGermany: 9.9 per 100,000 people in 2017Portugal: 7.7 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationGermany: 84.6 million people in 2023Portugal: 10.4 million people in 2023
- Population growthGermany: 0.35% a year in 2023Portugal: -0% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateGermany: 1.44 births per woman in 2023Portugal: 1.51 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationGermany: 82.1% in 2025Portugal: 61.5% in 2025
- Median ageGermany: 45.2 years in 2023Portugal: 46.2 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overGermany: 22.8% in 2023Portugal: 24.1% in 2023
- Net migration rateGermany: 7.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Portugal: 2.8 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingGermany: 2.27% of GDP in 2025Portugal: 1.71% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsGermany: $107B in 2025Portugal: $5.51B in 2025
- Military spending per personGermany: $1,346 in 2025Portugal: $563 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingGermany: 4.5% of government spending in 2025Portugal: 4% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelGermany: 183,000 people in 2020Portugal: 52,000 people in 2020
- National powerGermany: 1.5% of world capability in 2022Portugal: 0.12% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersGermany: 0.42% of the labour force in 2020Portugal: 1.01% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsGermany: 1.63 billion TIV in 2025Portugal: 90 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsGermany: 1.7 billion TIV in 2025Portugal: 1 million TIV in 2025