Hungary vs Romania
Hungary vs Romania: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 74.6% of GDP in Hungary and 60.5% of GDP in Romania, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Hungary, by 14.1 percentage points, or 1.23 times that in Romania.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Hungary has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2000.
- In 2025, Hungary ranked 34 and Romania ranked 54 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Hungary at 87.8% of GDP and Romania at 71.3% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Hungary | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 74.6 | 60.5 |
| 2024 | 73.5 | 57.5 |
| 2023 | 73.3 | 52.6 |
| 2022 | 74.1 | 51.9 |
| 2021 | 76.2 | 51.8 |
| 2020 | 78.7 | 49.5 |
| 2019 | 65 | 36.8 |
| 2018 | 68.8 | 36.4 |
| 2017 | 72 | 37.1 |
| 2016 | 74.7 | 39.6 |
| 2015 | 75.7 | 39.4 |
| 2014 | 76.5 | 40.5 |
| 2013 | 77.2 | 39.3 |
| 2012 | 78.4 | 36.2 |
| 2011 | 80.5 | 32.6 |
| 2010 | 80.2 | 30.2 |
| 2009 | 78.2 | 22.5 |
| 2008 | 71.8 | 13 |
| 2007 | 65.6 | 12.4 |
| 2006 | 64.5 | 12.7 |
| 2005 | 60.6 | 17.8 |
| 2004 | 58.9 | 21.3 |
| 2003 | 58.2 | 24.9 |
| 2002 | 55.6 | 27.4 |
| 2001 | 52.2 | 27.4 |
| 2000 | 55.6 | 29.6 |
| 1999 | 60.3 | – |
| 1998 | 60.4 | – |
| 1997 | 62.2 | – |
| 1996 | 71.2 | – |
| 1995 | 83.9 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Hungary | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 78.7 | 62.6 |
| 2027 | 81.4 | 64.9 |
| 2028 | 83.5 | 66.1 |
| 2029 | 85.1 | 68.1 |
| 2030 | 86.5 | 69.8 |
| 2031 | 87.8 | 71.3 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Hungary vs Romania
Health
- Life expectancyHungary: 77 years in 2023Romania: 75.9 years in 2023
- Child mortalityHungary: 0.4 per 100 live births in 2024Romania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityHungary: 3.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023Romania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterHungary: 100% in 2022Romania: 82.1% in 2022
- DepressionHungary: 2.77% in 2017Romania: 2.36% in 2017
- Suicide rateHungary: 14.3 per 100,000 people in 2017Romania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationHungary: 9.69 million people in 2023Romania: 19.1 million people in 2023
- Population growthHungary: 0.07% a year in 2023Romania: -0.53% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateHungary: 1.49 births per woman in 2023Romania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationHungary: 70.7% in 2025Romania: 52.2% in 2025
- Median ageHungary: 43.3 years in 2023Romania: 42.6 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overHungary: 20.8% in 2023Romania: 19.8% in 2023
- Net migration rateHungary: 5.1 per 1,000 people in 2023Romania: -1.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingHungary: 2.04% of GDP in 2025Romania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsHungary: $4.62B in 2025Romania: $8.81B in 2025
- Military spending per personHungary: $518 in 2025Romania: $513 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingHungary: 4.3% of government spending in 2025Romania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelHungary: 46,000 people in 2020Romania: 128,000 people in 2020
- National powerHungary: 0.13% of world capability in 2022Romania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersHungary: 0.95% of the labour force in 2020Romania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsHungary: 402 million TIV in 2025Romania: 421 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsHungary: 11 million TIV in 2024Romania: 132 million TIV in 2025