Kazakhstan vs Poland
Kazakhstan vs Poland: Government debt
Government debt: 24.4% of GDP in Kazakhstan in 2024 and 59.7% of GDP in Poland in 2025, by IMF estimates. In 2024 the value was higher in Poland, by 30.5 percentage points, or 2.25 times that in Kazakhstan.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Poland has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2002.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Kazakhstan at 29.8% of GDP and Poland at 82% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Kazakhstan | Poland |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 24.3 | 59.7 |
| 2024 | 24.4 | 54.9 |
| 2023 | 23 | 49.5 |
| 2022 | 23.5 | 48.8 |
| 2021 | 25.1 | 53 |
| 2020 | 26.4 | 56.6 |
| 2019 | 19.9 | 45.2 |
| 2018 | 20.3 | 48.2 |
| 2017 | 19.9 | 50.4 |
| 2016 | 19.7 | 54.1 |
| 2015 | 21.9 | 51.1 |
| 2014 | 14.5 | 51.1 |
| 2013 | 12.6 | 56.9 |
| 2012 | 12.1 | 54.5 |
| 2011 | 10.2 | 54.8 |
| 2010 | 10.7 | 53.8 |
| 2009 | 10.2 | 49.7 |
| 2008 | 6.8 | 46.6 |
| 2007 | 4.1 | 44.4 |
| 2006 | 6.7 | 47.1 |
| 2005 | 8.1 | 46.5 |
| 2004 | 11.4 | 45 |
| 2003 | 15 | 46.2 |
| 2002 | 17.6 | 41.4 |
| 2001 | – | 37 |
| 2000 | – | 36.3 |
| 1999 | – | 39.2 |
| 1998 | – | 38.6 |
| 1997 | – | 42.6 |
| 1996 | – | 43 |
| 1995 | – | 48.6 |
- 12.3Projected
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Kazakhstan | Poland |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 23.8 | 66.6 |
| 2027 | 25.1 | 70.7 |
| 2028 | 26.9 | 73.7 |
| 2029 | 28.3 | 77 |
| 2030 | 29 | 79.8 |
| 2031 | 29.8 | 82 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Kazakhstan vs Poland
Health
- Life expectancyKazakhstan: 74.4 years in 2023Poland: 78.6 years in 2023
- Child mortalityKazakhstan: 0.9 per 100 live births in 2024Poland: 0.4 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityKazakhstan: 8.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023Poland: 3.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterKazakhstan: 89.4% in 2021Poland: 88.9% in 2022
- DepressionKazakhstan: 3.51% in 2017Poland: 2.25% in 2017
- Suicide rateKazakhstan: 23 per 100,000 people in 2017Poland: 14 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationKazakhstan: 20.3 million people in 2023Poland: 38.8 million people in 2023
- Population growthKazakhstan: 1.32% a year in 2023Poland: -0.26% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateKazakhstan: 3.01 births per woman in 2023Poland: 1.3 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationKazakhstan: 62.4% in 2025Poland: 60.1% in 2025
- Median ageKazakhstan: 29.5 years in 2023Poland: 41.3 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overKazakhstan: 8.3% in 2023Poland: 19.6% in 2023
- Net migration rateKazakhstan: -0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Poland: -0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingKazakhstan: 0.43% of GDP in 2025Poland: 4.5% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsKazakhstan: $1.31B in 2025Poland: $42.5B in 2025
- Military spending per personKazakhstan: $63 in 2025Poland: $1,219 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingKazakhstan: 2.1% of government spending in 2025Poland: 9% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelKazakhstan: 71,000 people in 2020Poland: 189,000 people in 2020
- National powerKazakhstan: 0.27% of world capability in 2022Poland: 0.52% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersKazakhstan: 0.74% of the labour force in 2020Poland: 1.04% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsKazakhstan: 18 million TIV in 2025Poland: 2.17 billion TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsKazakhstan: 6 million TIV in 2006Poland: 59 million TIV in 2025