Mozambique vs Zambia
Mozambique vs Zambia: Government debt
Government debt: 90.8% of GDP in Mozambique in 2023 and 100.6% of GDP in Zambia in 2025, by IMF estimates. In 2023 the value was higher in Zambia, by 46 percentage points, or 1.51 times that in Mozambique.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Zambia has been higher since 2019, when it overtook Mozambique.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Mozambique at 98.7% of GDP and Zambia at 56.7% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Mozambique | Zambia |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 90.3 | 100.6 |
| 2024 | 91.2 | 125.5 |
| 2023 | 90.8 | 136.8 |
| 2022 | 97.3 | 99.5 |
| 2021 | 101.4 | 111 |
| 2020 | 120 | 140 |
| 2019 | 98.3 | 103.3 |
| 2018 | 105.5 | 81.2 |
| 2017 | 103.8 | 66.6 |
| 2016 | 124.8 | 61.2 |
| 2015 | 86 | 61.9 |
| 2014 | 63.4 | 33.9 |
| 2013 | 49.5 | 25.9 |
| 2012 | 36.7 | 24.9 |
| 2011 | 34.2 | 20.8 |
| 2010 | 38.6 | 18.9 |
| 2009 | 39.3 | 20.5 |
| 2008 | 32.8 | 19.2 |
| 2007 | 31.2 | 21.9 |
| 2006 | 40 | 25 |
| 2005 | 60.1 | 75.8 |
| 2004 | 50.8 | 129.9 |
| 2003 | 63.2 | 159.5 |
| 2002 | 63.4 | 180.2 |
| 2001 | 99.8 | 210.2 |
| 2000 | 95.8 | 261 |
| 1999 | 94.7 | – |
- 12.3Projected
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Mozambique | Zambia |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 91 | 82.1 |
| 2027 | 98.6 | 77 |
| 2028 | 104.8 | 72.3 |
| 2029 | 109.8 | 67.2 |
| 2030 | 108.8 | 61.9 |
| 2031 | 98.7 | 56.7 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Mozambique vs Zambia
Health
- Life expectancyMozambique: 63.6 years in 2023Zambia: 66.4 years in 2023
- Child mortalityMozambique: 5.9 per 100 live births in 2024Zambia: 4.8 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityMozambique: 49.7 per 1,000 live births in 2023Zambia: 38.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionMozambique: 3.9% in 2017Zambia: 3.64% in 2017
- Suicide rateMozambique: 17.2 per 100,000 people in 2017Zambia: 13.1 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationMozambique: 33.6 million people in 2023Zambia: 20.7 million people in 2023
- Population growthMozambique: 2.94% a year in 2023Zambia: 2.83% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateMozambique: 4.76 births per woman in 2023Zambia: 4.1 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationMozambique: 37.2% in 2025Zambia: 45.9% in 2025
- Median ageMozambique: 16.3 years in 2023Zambia: 17.5 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overMozambique: 2.8% in 2023Zambia: 1.9% in 2023
- Net migration rateMozambique: -1.1 per 1,000 people in 2023Zambia: 0.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingMozambique: 1.87% of GDP in 2025Zambia: 1.26% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsMozambique: $446M in 2025Zambia: $343M in 2025
- Military spending per personMozambique: $13 in 2025Zambia: $19 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingMozambique: 6% of government spending in 2025Zambia: 4.5% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelMozambique: 11,000 people in 2020Zambia: 16,000 people in 2020
- National powerMozambique: 0.13% of world capability in 2022Zambia: 0.1% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersMozambique: 0.08% of the labour force in 2020Zambia: 0.24% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsMozambique: 14 million TIV in 2025Zambia: 1 million TIV in 2024
- Arms exportsMozambique: 1 million TIV in 1977Zambia: 2 million TIV in 1990