Cameroon vs Madagascar
Cameroon vs Madagascar: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 40.5% of GDP in Cameroon and 47.8% of GDP in Madagascar, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Madagascar, by 7.3 percentage points, or 1.18 times that in Cameroon.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Madagascar has been higher since 2020, when it overtook Cameroon.
- In 2025, Cameroon ranked 102 and Madagascar ranked 85 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Cameroon at 34.3% of GDP and Madagascar at 49.7% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Cameroon | Madagascar |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 40.5 | 47.8 |
| 2024 | 43.4 | 49.8 |
| 2023 | 43.6 | 52.2 |
| 2022 | 45.6 | 49.8 |
| 2021 | 47.2 | 49.4 |
| 2020 | 44.9 | 52.9 |
| 2019 | 41.6 | 41.3 |
| 2018 | 38.3 | 42.9 |
| 2017 | 36.5 | 40.1 |
| 2016 | 32.1 | 40.3 |
| 2015 | 31.6 | 44.1 |
| 2014 | 20.7 | 37.9 |
| 2013 | 17.5 | 36.2 |
| 2012 | 14.9 | 30.4 |
| 2011 | 15.9 | 30 |
| 2010 | 14 | 32.3 |
| 2009 | 11.3 | 34.9 |
| 2008 | 11.2 | 31 |
| 2007 | 13.8 | 28.2 |
| 2006 | 18.4 | 32.2 |
| 2005 | 43.8 | 74.4 |
| 2004 | 51.7 | 81.9 |
| 2003 | 51.5 | 85.9 |
| 2002 | 56.6 | 86.7 |
| 2001 | 62.2 | 82.1 |
| 2000 | 75.9 | 90.2 |
| 1999 | 68.4 | 104.1 |
| 1998 | 67.8 | 108.5 |
| 1997 | – | 89.7 |
| 1996 | – | 98.7 |
| 1995 | – | 95.8 |
| 1994 | – | 96 |
| 1993 | – | 105.2 |
| 1992 | – | 110.9 |
| 1991 | – | 113.8 |
| 1990 | – | 92.7 |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Cameroon | Madagascar |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 40.1 | 49.8 |
| 2027 | 39.1 | 50.6 |
| 2028 | 38.1 | 50.9 |
| 2029 | 36.8 | 50.9 |
| 2030 | 35.2 | 49.9 |
| 2031 | 34.3 | 49.7 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Cameroon vs Madagascar
Health
- Life expectancyCameroon: 63.7 years in 2023Madagascar: 63.6 years in 2023
- Child mortalityCameroon: 6.5 per 100 live births in 2024Madagascar: 6.2 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityCameroon: 47.4 per 1,000 live births in 2023Madagascar: 45 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionCameroon: 3.75% in 2017Madagascar: 3.71% in 2017
- Suicide rateCameroon: 14 per 100,000 people in 2017Madagascar: 11 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationCameroon: 28.4 million people in 2023Madagascar: 31.2 million people in 2023
- Population growthCameroon: 2.64% a year in 2023Madagascar: 2.45% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateCameroon: 4.32 births per woman in 2023Madagascar: 3.97 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationCameroon: 55.7% in 2025Madagascar: 32.9% in 2025
- Median ageCameroon: 17.8 years in 2023Madagascar: 18.9 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overCameroon: 2.8% in 2023Madagascar: 3.3% in 2023
- Net migration rateCameroon: -0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Madagascar: -0 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingCameroon: 1.06% of GDP in 2025Madagascar: 0.62% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsCameroon: $580M in 2025Madagascar: $111M in 2025
- Military spending per personCameroon: $21 in 2025Madagascar: $4 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingCameroon: 6.5% of government spending in 2025Madagascar: 3.8% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelCameroon: 34,000 people in 2020Madagascar: 22,000 people in 2020
- National powerCameroon: 0.16% of world capability in 2022Madagascar: 0.11% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersCameroon: 0.34% of the labour force in 2020Madagascar: 0.15% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsCameroon: 2 million TIV in 2023Madagascar: 3 million TIV in 2025