China vs Kazakhstan
China vs Kazakhstan: Government debt
Government debt: 98.6% of GDP in China in 2025 and 24.4% of GDP in Kazakhstan in 2024, by IMF estimates. In 2024 the value was higher in China, by 66.1 percentage points, or 3.71 times that in Kazakhstan.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- China has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2002.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts China at 122.1% of GDP and Kazakhstan at 29.8% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | China | Kazakhstan |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 98.6 | 24.3 |
| 2024 | 90.5 | 24.4 |
| 2023 | 84.1 | 23 |
| 2022 | 77.3 | 23.5 |
| 2021 | 72.1 | 25.1 |
| 2020 | 70.6 | 26.4 |
| 2019 | 59.9 | 19.9 |
| 2018 | 55.7 | 20.3 |
| 2017 | 53.7 | 19.9 |
| 2016 | 50 | 19.7 |
| 2015 | 40.9 | 21.9 |
| 2014 | 39.4 | 14.5 |
| 2013 | 36.6 | 12.6 |
| 2012 | 33.9 | 12.1 |
| 2011 | 33 | 10.2 |
| 2010 | 33.1 | 10.7 |
| 2009 | 33.9 | 10.2 |
| 2008 | 26.6 | 6.8 |
| 2007 | 28.8 | 4.1 |
| 2006 | 25.2 | 6.7 |
| 2005 | 26 | 8.1 |
| 2004 | 25.9 | 11.4 |
| 2003 | 26.4 | 15 |
| 2002 | 25.5 | 17.6 |
| 2001 | 24.2 | – |
| 2000 | 22.6 | – |
| 1999 | 21.6 | – |
| 1998 | 20.4 | – |
| 1997 | 20.4 | – |
| 1996 | 21.2 | – |
| 1995 | 21.4 | – |
- 12.3Projected
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | China | Kazakhstan |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 104.4 | 23.8 |
| 2027 | 109.1 | 25.1 |
| 2028 | 113.2 | 26.9 |
| 2029 | 116.4 | 28.3 |
| 2030 | 119.5 | 29 |
| 2031 | 122.1 | 29.8 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
China vs Kazakhstan
Health
- Life expectancyChina: 78 years in 2023Kazakhstan: 74.4 years in 2023
- Child mortalityChina: 0.6 per 100 live births in 2024Kazakhstan: 0.9 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityChina: 5.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023Kazakhstan: 8.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionChina: 3.31% in 2017Kazakhstan: 3.51% in 2017
- Suicide rateChina: 7.2 per 100,000 people in 2017Kazakhstan: 23 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationChina: 1.42 billion people in 2023Kazakhstan: 20.3 million people in 2023
- Population growthChina: -0.24% a year in 2023Kazakhstan: 1.32% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateChina: 1 births per woman in 2023Kazakhstan: 3.01 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationChina: 66.3% in 2025Kazakhstan: 62.4% in 2025
- Median ageChina: 39.1 years in 2023Kazakhstan: 29.5 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overChina: 14.3% in 2023Kazakhstan: 8.3% in 2023
- Net migration rateChina: -0.4 per 1,000 people in 2023Kazakhstan: -0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingChina: 1.73% of GDP in 2025Kazakhstan: 0.43% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsChina: $335B in 2025Kazakhstan: $1.31B in 2025
- Military spending per personChina: $237 in 2025Kazakhstan: $63 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingChina: 5.1% of government spending in 2025Kazakhstan: 2.1% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelChina: 2.54 million people in 2020Kazakhstan: 71,000 people in 2020
- National powerChina: 23.41% of world capability in 2022Kazakhstan: 0.27% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersChina: 0.33% of the labour force in 2020Kazakhstan: 0.74% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsChina: 207 million TIV in 2025Kazakhstan: 18 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsChina: 880 million TIV in 2025Kazakhstan: 6 million TIV in 2006