China vs Kazakhstan
China vs Kazakhstan: Temperature
Temperature in 2025: 8.3 °C in China and 9 °C in Kazakhstan, by ERA5 observations. In 2025 the value was higher in Kazakhstan, by 0.8 °C, or 1.09 times that in China.
°C · ERA5
What the numbers say
- Kazakhstan has been higher since 2025, when it overtook China.
- In 2025, China ranked 212 and Kazakhstan ranked 206 of 233 countries, counting from the highest.
- The CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) puts China at 10 °C and Kazakhstan at 10 °C in 2100.
Every year
°C · ERA5
| Year | China | China: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 9 | 7.9 |
| 2024 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.8 |
| 2023 | 8 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 7.5 |
| 2022 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 7.7 |
| 2021 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.5 |
| 2020 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 7.5 |
| 2019 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.5 |
| 2018 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 6.4 | 7.5 |
| 2017 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 |
| 2016 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 7.2 |
| 2015 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 7.4 |
| 2014 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 7.2 |
| 2013 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 7.3 |
| 2012 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 7.3 |
| 2011 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 7 |
| 2010 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.2 |
| 2009 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7 | 7.2 |
| 2008 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 6.9 |
| 2007 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 7 |
| 2006 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 7 |
| 2005 | 7 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 6.9 |
| 2004 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 6.8 |
| 2003 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 7 |
| 2002 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 7.1 |
| 2001 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6.7 |
| 2000 | 6.8 | 7 | 7 | 6.6 |
| 1999 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.5 |
| 1998 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 6.6 |
| 1997 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 6.5 |
| 1996 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 5.4 | 6.7 |
| 1995 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 7.7 | 6.3 |
| 1994 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.1 |
| 1993 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 4.9 | 5.8 |
| 1992 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 6 | 5.7 |
| 1991 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.2 |
| 1990 | 7 | 6.8 | 7 | 6.4 |
| 1989 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6 |
| 1988 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 5.9 |
| 1987 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 5.7 | 6 |
| 1986 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 6 |
| 1985 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 6.2 |
| 1984 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 5.3 |
| 1983 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 7.9 | 5.4 |
| 1982 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.8 |
| 1981 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 7 | 5.8 |
| 1980 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6 |
| 1979 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 5.8 |
| 1978 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.7 |
| 1977 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 5.7 |
| 1976 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 5.7 |
| 1975 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 5.7 |
| 1974 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 5.9 |
| 1973 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 5.5 |
| 1972 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 4.6 | 5.6 |
| 1971 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 5.4 |
| 1970 | 6 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.5 |
| 1969 | 6 | 6.3 | 3.9 | 5.7 |
| 1968 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 5.5 |
| 1967 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.6 |
| 1966 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.8 |
| 1965 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 5.1 |
| 1964 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 5.2 | 5.6 |
| 1963 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 5.7 |
| 1962 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 5.8 |
| 1961 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6 |
| 1960 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 5.6 |
| 1959 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 6.1 |
| 1958 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.4 |
| 1957 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 5.9 |
| 1956 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 5.4 | 5.7 |
| 1955 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.1 |
| 1954 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 4.3 | 5.7 |
| 1953 | 7 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 5.9 |
| 1952 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 5.7 |
| 1951 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.7 |
| 1950 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 4.8 | 6.1 |
- 12.3Projected
CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) · 2026–2100
| Year | China | China: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | – | 7.97.1–9 | – | 7.56.2–8.9 |
| 2027 | – | 87.2–8.9 | – | 8.16.5–9.2 |
| 2028 | – | 8.17.1–9.1 | – | 7.96.6–9.1 |
| 2029 | – | 8.17.3–9 | – | 7.96.6–9 |
| 2030 | – | 8.17.3–8.9 | – | 86.7–9.2 |
| 2031 | – | 8.17.2–9 | – | 8.26.9–9.3 |
| 2032 | – | 8.27.4–9 | – | 8.26.9–9.4 |
| 2033 | – | 8.37.4–9 | – | 8.16.9–9.4 |
| 2034 | – | 8.37.4–9.3 | – | 8.16.9–9.7 |
| 2035 | – | 8.37.4–9.3 | – | 86.9–9.3 |
| 2036 | – | 8.37.5–9.2 | – | 8.36.8–9.2 |
| 2037 | – | 8.47.5–9.4 | – | 8.46.6–9.4 |
| 2038 | – | 8.57.6–9.3 | – | 8.36.9–9.7 |
| 2039 | – | 8.57.5–9.5 | – | 8.17.1–9.7 |
| 2040 | – | 8.57.6–9.5 | – | 8.57.4–10 |
| 2041 | – | 8.57.6–9.6 | – | 8.56.9–10.1 |
| 2042 | – | 8.57.5–9.6 | – | 8.36.5–9.6 |
| 2043 | – | 8.57.6–9.7 | – | 8.47–9.3 |
| 2044 | – | 8.77.7–9.7 | – | 8.46.9–10 |
| 2045 | – | 8.77.8–9.6 | – | 8.47.2–10.1 |
| 2046 | – | 8.87.8–9.7 | – | 8.87.6–9.9 |
| 2047 | – | 8.87.8–9.8 | – | 8.87.4–10.3 |
| 2048 | – | 8.97.9–9.9 | – | 8.87.4–10 |
| 2049 | – | 8.87.8–10 | – | 9.17.7–10.7 |
| 2050 | – | 97.8–10.1 | – | 8.77.3–10.2 |
| 2051 | – | 98.1–10 | – | 8.87.2–10.1 |
| 2052 | – | 8.87.9–9.8 | – | 8.87.5–10 |
| 2053 | – | 98–10 | – | 9.17.8–10.4 |
| 2054 | – | 98.1–10.1 | – | 8.87.5–10.8 |
| 2055 | – | 98.1–10.1 | – | 8.87.4–10.5 |
| 2056 | – | 9.28.2–10.3 | – | 9.48–10.6 |
| 2057 | – | 9.27.8–10.3 | – | 9.17.1–10.9 |
| 2058 | – | 9.18.2–10.2 | – | 8.97.7–10.7 |
| 2059 | – | 9.28.1–10.4 | – | 9.47.7–11.1 |
| 2060 | – | 9.28.1–10.4 | – | 9.18–10.8 |
| 2061 | – | 9.28.2–10.3 | – | 8.87.6–10.5 |
| 2062 | – | 9.38.3–10.6 | – | 9.27.6–11 |
| 2063 | – | 9.38.3–10.4 | – | 9.47.5–10.8 |
| 2064 | – | 9.28.3–10.3 | – | 97.6–10.9 |
| 2065 | – | 9.38.3–10.4 | – | 9.57.9–10.7 |
| 2066 | – | 9.38.3–10.4 | – | 9.28.1–10.9 |
| 2067 | – | 9.38.3–10.5 | – | 9.37.8–11.1 |
| 2068 | – | 9.68.4–10.7 | – | 9.37.8–11.3 |
| 2069 | – | 9.68.3–10.7 | – | 9.78–11.1 |
| 2070 | – | 9.48.3–10.7 | – | 9.37.8–11.1 |
| 2071 | – | 9.58.3–10.9 | – | 9.57.8–11.2 |
| 2072 | – | 9.58.3–10.8 | – | 9.37.9–11.5 |
| 2073 | – | 9.78.5–10.8 | – | 9.48.1–11.5 |
| 2074 | – | 9.78.4–11 | – | 9.88.5–11.4 |
| 2075 | – | 9.68.5–10.9 | – | 9.48.1–11.5 |
| 2076 | – | 9.68.5–10.8 | – | 9.68.1–11.1 |
| 2077 | – | 9.78.7–11 | – | 9.68.2–11.3 |
| 2078 | – | 9.68.6–11 | – | 9.58–11.4 |
| 2079 | – | 9.78.5–11 | – | 9.68–11.4 |
| 2080 | – | 9.78.6–10.9 | – | 9.48–11 |
| 2081 | – | 9.68.6–11.1 | – | 9.28.1–11.4 |
| 2082 | – | 9.78.6–11 | – | 9.88.3–11.2 |
| 2083 | – | 9.98.9–11.1 | – | 9.98.6–11.6 |
| 2084 | – | 9.98.5–11.1 | – | 9.98.3–11.4 |
| 2085 | – | 9.88.6–11.3 | – | 9.98.3–11.6 |
| 2086 | – | 9.98.5–11.2 | – | 108.3–11.3 |
| 2087 | – | 9.88.7–11.3 | – | 108.4–11.7 |
| 2088 | – | 9.88.7–11.3 | – | 9.78.5–11.4 |
| 2089 | – | 9.98.6–11.4 | – | 9.88.6–11.6 |
| 2090 | – | 108.9–11.2 | – | 9.98.5–11.9 |
| 2091 | – | 10.19–11.2 | – | 10.37.9–11.6 |
| 2092 | – | 9.98.7–11.2 | – | 10.28.5–11.8 |
| 2093 | – | 9.98.9–11.2 | – | 10.28.8–11.6 |
| 2094 | – | 108.8–11.2 | – | 9.98.5–12.1 |
| 2095 | – | 108.7–11.3 | – | 108.7–11.9 |
| 2096 | – | 10.18.5–11.3 | – | 108.5–12.2 |
| 2097 | – | 108.7–11.3 | – | 10.18.8–12 |
| 2098 | – | 9.98.9–11.4 | – | 10.38.2–11.9 |
| 2099 | – | 108.7–11.3 | – | 108–12.1 |
| 2100 | – | 108.9–11.3 | – | 108.7–11.8 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- The average air temperature near the ground, over the whole country and the whole year.
- Source: ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus, ECMWF) and CMIP6, via the World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal.
- The dashed line is the CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its models’ 10th–90th percentile.
- Climate model values are the median of the CMIP6 models, run on past emissions to 2014 and on SSP2-4.5, a middle-of-the-road path, after: they are not measurements.
- Ranks count the 233 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
China vs Kazakhstan
Health
- Life expectancyChina: 78 years in 2023Kazakhstan: 74.4 years in 2023
- Child mortalityChina: 0.6 per 100 live births in 2024Kazakhstan: 0.9 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityChina: 5.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023Kazakhstan: 8.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionChina: 3.31% in 2017Kazakhstan: 3.51% in 2017
- Suicide rateChina: 7.2 per 100,000 people in 2017Kazakhstan: 23 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationChina: 1.42 billion people in 2023Kazakhstan: 20.3 million people in 2023
- Population growthChina: -0.24% a year in 2023Kazakhstan: 1.32% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateChina: 1 births per woman in 2023Kazakhstan: 3.01 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationChina: 66.3% in 2025Kazakhstan: 62.4% in 2025
- Median ageChina: 39.1 years in 2023Kazakhstan: 29.5 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overChina: 14.3% in 2023Kazakhstan: 8.3% in 2023
- Net migration rateChina: -0.4 per 1,000 people in 2023Kazakhstan: -0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingChina: 1.73% of GDP in 2025Kazakhstan: 0.43% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsChina: $335B in 2025Kazakhstan: $1.31B in 2025
- Military spending per personChina: $237 in 2025Kazakhstan: $63 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingChina: 5.1% of government spending in 2025Kazakhstan: 2.1% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelChina: 2.54 million people in 2020Kazakhstan: 71,000 people in 2020
- National powerChina: 23.41% of world capability in 2022Kazakhstan: 0.27% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersChina: 0.33% of the labour force in 2020Kazakhstan: 0.74% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsChina: 207 million TIV in 2025Kazakhstan: 18 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsChina: 880 million TIV in 2025Kazakhstan: 6 million TIV in 2006