China vs Mongolia
China vs Mongolia: Net migration rate
Net migration rate in 2023: -0.4 per 1,000 people in China and 0 per 1,000 people in Mongolia, by UN estimates. In 2023 the value was higher in Mongolia, by 0.4 per 1,000 people.
per 1,000 people · UN
What the numbers say
- Mongolia has been higher since 2011, when it overtook China.
- The UN projection (medium variant) puts China at -0.1 per 1,000 people and Mongolia at -0 per 1,000 people in 2100.
Every year
per 1,000 people · UN
| Year | China | Mongolia |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | -0.4 | 0 |
| 2022 | -0.2 | 0 |
| 2021 | -0.3 | 0 |
| 2020 | -0.1 | 0 |
| 2019 | -0.5 | 2.7 |
| 2018 | -0.1 | 2.5 |
| 2017 | -0.1 | 2.2 |
| 2016 | -0.1 | 1.9 |
| 2015 | -0.5 | 1.4 |
| 2014 | -0.3 | 1 |
| 2013 | -0.1 | 0.5 |
| 2012 | -0 | 0.1 |
| 2011 | -0.3 | -0.2 |
| 2010 | -0.1 | -2.4 |
| 2009 | -0.1 | -5.6 |
| 2008 | -0.6 | -6.6 |
| 2007 | -0.8 | -5.8 |
| 2006 | -0.6 | -4.6 |
| 2005 | -0.1 | -3.5 |
| 2004 | -0.6 | -3.2 |
| 2003 | -0.5 | -3.2 |
| 2002 | -0.6 | -3.6 |
| 2001 | -0.1 | -4.1 |
| 2000 | -0 | -4.6 |
| 1999 | -0.1 | -5.5 |
| 1998 | -0 | -4.3 |
| 1997 | -0.2 | -3.8 |
| 1996 | -0.2 | -3.7 |
| 1995 | -0.3 | -3.1 |
| 1994 | -0.6 | -2.4 |
| 1993 | -0.3 | -2.4 |
| 1992 | -0.1 | -3.8 |
| 1991 | -0.5 | -5.2 |
| 1990 | -0 | -5.5 |
| 1989 | -0.3 | -4.6 |
| 1988 | -0.3 | 1.2 |
| 1987 | -0.2 | 0.9 |
| 1986 | -0.1 | 0.2 |
| 1985 | -0.1 | -0.9 |
| 1984 | -0.1 | -1.3 |
| 1983 | -0 | -1.4 |
| 1982 | -0 | -1.2 |
| 1981 | -0 | -0.9 |
| 1980 | -0 | -0.7 |
| 1979 | -0 | -0.8 |
| 1978 | -0 | 1.1 |
| 1977 | -0 | 3.4 |
| 1976 | -0.1 | 4.3 |
| 1975 | -0.1 | 4.4 |
| 1974 | -0.2 | 4.3 |
| 1973 | -0.2 | 4 |
| 1972 | -0.3 | 3.7 |
| 1971 | -0.2 | 3.2 |
| 1970 | -0.2 | 2.5 |
| 1969 | -0.1 | 1.9 |
| 1968 | -0 | 2.9 |
| 1967 | 1.6 | 4.3 |
| 1966 | 0 | 5 |
| 1965 | -0.2 | 5 |
| 1964 | -1.8 | 4.2 |
| 1963 | -0 | 3.4 |
| 1962 | -0 | 8.7 |
| 1961 | -0 | 10.3 |
| 1960 | -0 | 10.6 |
| 1959 | -0 | 10.2 |
| 1958 | -0 | 9.2 |
| 1957 | -0 | 10.1 |
| 1956 | -0 | 9 |
| 1955 | -0 | 0 |
| 1954 | -0 | 0 |
| 1953 | -0 | 0 |
| 1952 | -0 | 0 |
| 1951 | -0 | 0 |
| 1950 | -0 | 0 |
UN projection (medium variant) · 2024–2100
| Year | China | Mongolia |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 0-3.5–3.2 |
| 2025 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 0-4.6–4.5 |
| 2026 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 0-5.6–5.2 |
| 2027 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 0.1-6.6–6.1 |
| 2028 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 0.1-6.9–6.7 |
| 2029 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 0-7.2–7.1 |
| 2030 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0-7.3–7.2 |
| 2031 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | -0.1-8.5–6.9 |
| 2032 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | -0.1-8.2–7.2 |
| 2033 | -0.2-1–0.8 | -0-8.7–7.6 |
| 2034 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | -0-8.6–7.9 |
| 2035 | -0.2-1–0.9 | -0.1-9.1–8 |
| 2036 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | -0-9.7–7.7 |
| 2037 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 0-9.9–8.6 |
| 2038 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | -0.1-9.9–8.5 |
| 2039 | -0.2-1–0.8 | 0-9.7–8.7 |
| 2040 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | -0-9.3–8.7 |
| 2041 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 0-9.6–8.6 |
| 2042 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 0.1-9.9–9.2 |
| 2043 | -0.1-1–0.8 | -0-9.7–9 |
| 2044 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0.1-10.1–9.4 |
| 2045 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 0.2-10.3–9.4 |
| 2046 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 0.1-10.1–10.3 |
| 2047 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 0.1-10.3–10.2 |
| 2048 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0-10.1–9.8 |
| 2049 | -0.2-1–0.9 | 0.1-10.2–10.2 |
| 2050 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | -0.1-10.7–10.3 |
| 2051 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 0.1-10.5–10.2 |
| 2052 | -0.2-1–0.9 | 0.1-10.5–10.6 |
| 2053 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0.2-10.4–10.6 |
| 2054 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0.1-10.7–10.6 |
| 2055 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0.1-10.1–10.7 |
| 2056 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 0.1-10.5–10.6 |
| 2057 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 0.2-10.4–11.1 |
| 2058 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 0.1-11.1–11 |
| 2059 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 0.2-11.6–10.8 |
| 2060 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 0.3-11.4–10 |
| 2061 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0.1-11.5–10.4 |
| 2062 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0.1-12–10.6 |
| 2063 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0.1-12.3–11.3 |
| 2064 | -0.2-1–0.8 | 0.1-12–10.9 |
| 2065 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0.2-11.8–10.4 |
| 2066 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0.3-11.1–11.3 |
| 2067 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0.1-11.9–11.6 |
| 2068 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 0.1-11.9–11.5 |
| 2069 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0-12.4–11.3 |
| 2070 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0.1-12.2–11.5 |
| 2071 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 0-12.2–11.4 |
| 2072 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0-12–11 |
| 2073 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 0.1-12.1–11.5 |
| 2074 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0.1-12.3–11.4 |
| 2075 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 0.1-12–10.5 |
| 2076 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0.1-11.7–10.8 |
| 2077 | -0.1-1–0.8 | -0-12.1–11 |
| 2078 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0.3-11.6–11.4 |
| 2079 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 0.1-12.3–10.9 |
| 2080 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0.1-12.3–10.7 |
| 2081 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0-12.6–10 |
| 2082 | -0.1-1–0.8 | -0.1-12.7–10.7 |
| 2083 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0-12.4–10.8 |
| 2084 | -0.1-1–0.9 | -0-12.5–10.3 |
| 2085 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 0-11.9–11.1 |
| 2086 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | -0.1-12.6–10.9 |
| 2087 | -0.1-1–0.8 | -0-11.9–11.4 |
| 2088 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 0.1-11.8–11.3 |
| 2089 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0.1-11.7–11.3 |
| 2090 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0-11.7–11.3 |
| 2091 | -0.1-1–0.8 | -0.1-12–11.5 |
| 2092 | -0.1-1–0.8 | -0-11.7–10.5 |
| 2093 | -0.1-1–0.8 | -0.1-13.3–10.9 |
| 2094 | -0.1-1–0.9 | -0-12.9–10.4 |
| 2095 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 0.1-13.3–10.6 |
| 2096 | -0.1-1.1–0.8 | -0.1-13.2–10.7 |
| 2097 | -0.1-1–0.9 | -0-13–11.2 |
| 2098 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 0-13.3–10.8 |
| 2099 | -0.1-1–0.9 | -0.1-13.3–10.5 |
| 2100 | -0.1-1–0.8 | -0-14–11.2 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- People moving in minus people moving out in a year, per 1,000 residents; below zero, more left than arrived.
- Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024.
- The dashed line is the UN projection (medium variant), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its 95% prediction interval.
- Ranks count the 229 countries with a value in 2023, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
China vs Mongolia
Health
- Life expectancyChina: 78 years in 2023Mongolia: 71.7 years in 2023
- Child mortalityChina: 0.6 per 100 live births in 2024Mongolia: 1.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityChina: 5.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023Mongolia: 10.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionChina: 3.31% in 2017Mongolia: 3.53% in 2017
- Suicide rateChina: 7.2 per 100,000 people in 2017Mongolia: 15.4 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationChina: 1.42 billion people in 2023Mongolia: 3.43 million people in 2023
- Population growthChina: -0.24% a year in 2023Mongolia: 1.3% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateChina: 1 births per woman in 2023Mongolia: 2.69 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationChina: 66.3% in 2025Mongolia: 71.2% in 2025
- Median ageChina: 39.1 years in 2023Mongolia: 26.8 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overChina: 14.3% in 2023Mongolia: 4.9% in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingChina: 1.73% of GDP in 2025Mongolia: 0.88% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsChina: $335B in 2025Mongolia: $214M in 2025
- Military spending per personChina: $237 in 2025Mongolia: $63 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingChina: 5.1% of government spending in 2025Mongolia: 2.5% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelChina: 2.54 million people in 2020Mongolia: 18,000 people in 2020
- National powerChina: 23.41% of world capability in 2022Mongolia: 0.03% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersChina: 0.33% of the labour force in 2020Mongolia: 1.27% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsChina: 207 million TIV in 2025Mongolia: 3 million TIV in 2022