Egypt vs Nigeria
Egypt vs Nigeria: Government debt
Government debt: 90.9% of GDP in Egypt in 2024 and 36.1% of GDP in Nigeria in 2025, by IMF estimates. In 2024 the value was higher in Egypt, by 51.6 percentage points, or 2.31 times that in Nigeria.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Egypt has been higher in every year both have figures for since 1998.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Egypt at 71.5% of GDP and Nigeria at 31.9% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Egypt | Nigeria |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 86.8 | 36.1 |
| 2024 | 90.9 | 39.3 |
| 2023 | 95.9 | 36.3 |
| 2022 | 88.5 | 29.8 |
| 2021 | 89.9 | 26.6 |
| 2020 | 86.2 | 25.7 |
| 2019 | 80.1 | 21.4 |
| 2018 | 88 | 20.4 |
| 2017 | 97.8 | 18 |
| 2016 | 91.6 | 17.4 |
| 2015 | 83.8 | 14.9 |
| 2014 | 80.9 | 15.8 |
| 2013 | 79.8 | 13 |
| 2012 | 69.9 | 12.5 |
| 2011 | 72.8 | 12.4 |
| 2010 | 69.6 | 6.7 |
| 2009 | 69.5 | 6.1 |
| 2008 | 66.8 | 5.2 |
| 2007 | 76.3 | 5.8 |
| 2006 | 85.9 | 6.7 |
| 2005 | 98.3 | 13.5 |
| 2004 | 96.5 | 25.2 |
| 2003 | 97.1 | 29.9 |
| 2002 | 85.8 | 30.7 |
| 2001 | 79.2 | 37.7 |
| 2000 | 71.7 | 40.9 |
| 1999 | 72.4 | 46.1 |
| 1998 | 73.8 | 15.8 |
| 1997 | – | 17.1 |
| 1996 | – | 17.9 |
| 1995 | – | 24.2 |
| 1994 | – | 39.7 |
| 1993 | – | 50.4 |
| 1992 | – | 49.8 |
| 1991 | – | 53.2 |
| 1990 | – | 50.9 |
- 12.3Projected
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Egypt | Nigeria |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 84 | 34.7 |
| 2027 | 82.9 | 32.8 |
| 2028 | 81.4 | 32.9 |
| 2029 | 78 | 32.5 |
| 2030 | 75 | 32.2 |
| 2031 | 71.5 | 31.9 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Egypt vs Nigeria
Health
- Life expectancyEgypt: 71.6 years in 2023Nigeria: 54.5 years in 2023
- Child mortalityEgypt: 2.2 per 100 live births in 2024Nigeria: 11.6 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityEgypt: 14.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023Nigeria: 69.5 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionEgypt: 3.24% in 2017Nigeria: 3.92% in 2017
- Suicide rateEgypt: 5.5 per 100,000 people in 2017Nigeria: 7.5 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationEgypt: 115 million people in 2023Nigeria: 228 million people in 2023
- Population growthEgypt: 1.82% a year in 2023Nigeria: 2.1% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateEgypt: 2.75 births per woman in 2023Nigeria: 4.48 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationEgypt: 42.9% in 2025Nigeria: 63.8% in 2025
- Median ageEgypt: 24 years in 2023Nigeria: 17.8 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overEgypt: 5% in 2023Nigeria: 3% in 2023
- Net migration rateEgypt: 2.7 per 1,000 people in 2023Nigeria: -0.3 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingEgypt: 0.61% of GDP in 2025Nigeria: 0.91% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsEgypt: $2.26B in 2025Nigeria: $1.76B in 2025
- Military spending per personEgypt: $21 in 2025Nigeria: $9 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingEgypt: 2.5% of government spending in 2025Nigeria: 5.9% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelEgypt: 836,000 people in 2020Nigeria: 223,000 people in 2020
- National powerEgypt: 1.18% of world capability in 2022Nigeria: 1.16% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersEgypt: 2.76% of the labour force in 2020Nigeria: 0.23% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsEgypt: 697 million TIV in 2025Nigeria: 21 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsEgypt: 2 million TIV in 2024Nigeria: 4 million TIV in 2022