Kazakhstan vs Romania
Kazakhstan vs Romania: Government debt
Government debt: 24.4% of GDP in Kazakhstan in 2024 and 60.5% of GDP in Romania in 2025, by IMF estimates. In 2024 the value was higher in Romania, by 33.1 percentage points, or 2.36 times that in Kazakhstan.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Romania has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2002.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Kazakhstan at 29.8% of GDP and Romania at 71.3% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Kazakhstan | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 24.3 | 60.5 |
| 2024 | 24.4 | 57.5 |
| 2023 | 23 | 52.6 |
| 2022 | 23.5 | 51.9 |
| 2021 | 25.1 | 51.8 |
| 2020 | 26.4 | 49.5 |
| 2019 | 19.9 | 36.8 |
| 2018 | 20.3 | 36.4 |
| 2017 | 19.9 | 37.1 |
| 2016 | 19.7 | 39.6 |
| 2015 | 21.9 | 39.4 |
| 2014 | 14.5 | 40.5 |
| 2013 | 12.6 | 39.3 |
| 2012 | 12.1 | 36.2 |
| 2011 | 10.2 | 32.6 |
| 2010 | 10.7 | 30.2 |
| 2009 | 10.2 | 22.5 |
| 2008 | 6.8 | 13 |
| 2007 | 4.1 | 12.4 |
| 2006 | 6.7 | 12.7 |
| 2005 | 8.1 | 17.8 |
| 2004 | 11.4 | 21.3 |
| 2003 | 15 | 24.9 |
| 2002 | 17.6 | 27.4 |
| 2001 | – | 27.4 |
| 2000 | – | 29.6 |
- 12.3Projected
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Kazakhstan | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 23.8 | 62.6 |
| 2027 | 25.1 | 64.9 |
| 2028 | 26.9 | 66.1 |
| 2029 | 28.3 | 68.1 |
| 2030 | 29 | 69.8 |
| 2031 | 29.8 | 71.3 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Kazakhstan vs Romania
Health
- Life expectancyKazakhstan: 74.4 years in 2023Romania: 75.9 years in 2023
- Child mortalityKazakhstan: 0.9 per 100 live births in 2024Romania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityKazakhstan: 8.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023Romania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterKazakhstan: 89.4% in 2021Romania: 82.1% in 2022
- DepressionKazakhstan: 3.51% in 2017Romania: 2.36% in 2017
- Suicide rateKazakhstan: 23 per 100,000 people in 2017Romania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationKazakhstan: 20.3 million people in 2023Romania: 19.1 million people in 2023
- Population growthKazakhstan: 1.32% a year in 2023Romania: -0.53% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateKazakhstan: 3.01 births per woman in 2023Romania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationKazakhstan: 62.4% in 2025Romania: 52.2% in 2025
- Median ageKazakhstan: 29.5 years in 2023Romania: 42.6 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overKazakhstan: 8.3% in 2023Romania: 19.8% in 2023
- Net migration rateKazakhstan: -0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Romania: -1.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingKazakhstan: 0.43% of GDP in 2025Romania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsKazakhstan: $1.31B in 2025Romania: $8.81B in 2025
- Military spending per personKazakhstan: $63 in 2025Romania: $513 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingKazakhstan: 2.1% of government spending in 2025Romania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelKazakhstan: 71,000 people in 2020Romania: 128,000 people in 2020
- National powerKazakhstan: 0.27% of world capability in 2022Romania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersKazakhstan: 0.74% of the labour force in 2020Romania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsKazakhstan: 18 million TIV in 2025Romania: 421 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsKazakhstan: 6 million TIV in 2006Romania: 132 million TIV in 2025