Poland vs Spain
Poland vs Spain: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 59.7% of GDP in Poland and 100.5% of GDP in Spain, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Spain, by 40.8 percentage points, or 1.68 times that in Poland.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Spain has been higher since 2009, when it overtook Poland.
- In 2025, Poland ranked 57 and Spain ranked 14 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Poland at 82% of GDP and Spain at 89.4% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Poland | Spain |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 59.7 | 100.5 |
| 2024 | 54.9 | 101.4 |
| 2023 | 49.5 | 105.2 |
| 2022 | 48.8 | 109.2 |
| 2021 | 53 | 115.6 |
| 2020 | 56.6 | 119.2 |
| 2019 | 45.2 | 97.6 |
| 2018 | 48.2 | 99.7 |
| 2017 | 50.4 | 101.1 |
| 2016 | 54.1 | 102 |
| 2015 | 51.1 | 102.4 |
| 2014 | 51.1 | 104.4 |
| 2013 | 56.9 | 100 |
| 2012 | 54.5 | 89.6 |
| 2011 | 54.8 | 69.5 |
| 2010 | 53.8 | 60.3 |
| 2009 | 49.7 | 53.1 |
| 2008 | 46.6 | 39.6 |
| 2007 | 44.4 | 35.7 |
| 2006 | 47.1 | 39 |
| 2005 | 46.5 | 42.4 |
| 2004 | 45 | 45.3 |
| 2003 | 46.2 | 47.7 |
| 2002 | 41.4 | 51.2 |
| 2001 | 37 | 54.1 |
| 2000 | 36.3 | 57.8 |
| 1999 | 39.2 | 60.9 |
| 1998 | 38.6 | 62.4 |
| 1997 | 42.6 | 64.3 |
| 1996 | 43 | 65.4 |
| 1995 | 48.6 | 61.6 |
| 1994 | – | 57 |
| 1993 | – | 54.6 |
| 1992 | – | 44.1 |
| 1991 | – | 41.9 |
| 1990 | – | 41.3 |
| 1989 | – | 39.9 |
| 1988 | – | 38.5 |
| 1987 | – | 41.9 |
| 1986 | – | 42.1 |
| 1985 | – | 40.9 |
| 1984 | – | 36 |
| 1983 | – | 29.5 |
| 1982 | – | 24.4 |
| 1981 | – | 19.5 |
| 1980 | – | 16.1 |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Poland | Spain |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 66.6 | 97.6 |
| 2027 | 70.7 | 95.2 |
| 2028 | 73.7 | 93.2 |
| 2029 | 77 | 92 |
| 2030 | 79.8 | 90.7 |
| 2031 | 82 | 89.4 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Poland vs Spain
Health
- Life expectancyPoland: 78.6 years in 2023Spain: 83.7 years in 2023
- Child mortalityPoland: 0.4 per 100 live births in 2024Spain: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityPoland: 3.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023Spain: 2.4 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterPoland: 88.9% in 2022Spain: 99.6% in 2022
- DepressionPoland: 2.25% in 2017Spain: 3.54% in 2017
- Suicide ratePoland: 14 per 100,000 people in 2017Spain: 5.5 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationPoland: 38.8 million people in 2023Spain: 47.9 million people in 2023
- Population growthPoland: -0.26% a year in 2023Spain: 0.02% a year in 2023
- Fertility ratePoland: 1.3 births per woman in 2023Spain: 1.21 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationPoland: 60.1% in 2025Spain: 80.5% in 2025
- Median agePoland: 41.3 years in 2023Spain: 44.9 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overPoland: 19.6% in 2023Spain: 20.7% in 2023
- Net migration ratePoland: -0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Spain: 2.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingPoland: 4.5% of GDP in 2025Spain: 2.13% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsPoland: $42.5B in 2025Spain: $37.7B in 2025
- Military spending per personPoland: $1,219 in 2025Spain: $839 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingPoland: 9% of government spending in 2025Spain: 4.7% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelPoland: 189,000 people in 2020Spain: 199,000 people in 2020
- National powerPoland: 0.52% of world capability in 2022Spain: 0.66% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersPoland: 1.04% of the labour force in 2020Spain: 0.87% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsPoland: 2.17 billion TIV in 2025Spain: 237 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsPoland: 59 million TIV in 2025Spain: 341 million TIV in 2025