Poland vs Spain
Poland vs Spain: Net migration rate
Net migration rate in 2023: -0.2 per 1,000 people in Poland and 2.5 per 1,000 people in Spain, by UN estimates. In 2023 the value was higher in Spain, by 2.7 per 1,000 people.
per 1,000 people · UN
What the numbers say
- Spain has been higher since 2023, when it overtook Poland.
- In 2023, Poland ranked 124 and Spain ranked 64 of 229 countries, counting from the highest.
- The UN projection (medium variant) puts Poland at -0.1 per 1,000 people and Spain at 0.9 per 1,000 people in 2100.
Every year
per 1,000 people · UN
| Year | Poland | Spain |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | -0.2 | 2.5 |
| 2022 | 25.2 | 6.3 |
| 2021 | 0.1 | 3 |
| 2020 | 0.1 | 5 |
| 2019 | 0.2 | 9.8 |
| 2018 | -0 | 7.2 |
| 2017 | -0.6 | 4.3 |
| 2016 | -0.1 | 2.3 |
| 2015 | 0.1 | -0 |
| 2014 | 0.1 | -2.1 |
| 2013 | 0.3 | -5.4 |
| 2012 | 0.1 | -3.3 |
| 2011 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| 2010 | 3.1 | 1.5 |
| 2009 | -0.2 | 2.8 |
| 2008 | -1.1 | 9.4 |
| 2007 | -1.3 | 17 |
| 2006 | -1.8 | 14.8 |
| 2005 | -1.1 | 14.3 |
| 2004 | -1 | 15.3 |
| 2003 | -0.5 | 15.5 |
| 2002 | -0.4 | 17.7 |
| 2001 | -0.4 | 4.4 |
| 2000 | -0.4 | 4.3 |
| 1999 | -1.4 | 4.4 |
| 1998 | -1 | 4.5 |
| 1997 | -1.2 | 4.1 |
| 1996 | -1.2 | 4 |
| 1995 | -1.4 | 4.1 |
| 1994 | -1.1 | 4 |
| 1993 | -1.3 | 4.1 |
| 1992 | -1.2 | 4.5 |
| 1991 | -1.5 | 3.1 |
| 1990 | -1.3 | -0.8 |
| 1989 | -1.3 | -0.7 |
| 1988 | -2.7 | -0.5 |
| 1987 | -0.9 | -0.3 |
| 1986 | -0.6 | -0.4 |
| 1985 | -0.7 | -0 |
| 1984 | -0.5 | 0.1 |
| 1983 | -0.7 | 0 |
| 1982 | -1 | -0.2 |
| 1981 | -0.5 | 0.1 |
| 1980 | -1.2 | 0.5 |
| 1979 | -0.6 | -0.2 |
| 1978 | -1.8 | -0.1 |
| 1977 | -1 | -0 |
| 1976 | -0.8 | 0.1 |
| 1975 | -0.9 | -0 |
| 1974 | -0.5 | 3 |
| 1973 | -0.9 | 0.2 |
| 1972 | -0.5 | 0.2 |
| 1971 | -1 | 0.2 |
| 1970 | -2.1 | -1.8 |
| 1969 | -0.8 | -1.5 |
| 1968 | -0.4 | -1.4 |
| 1967 | -0.8 | -1.3 |
| 1966 | -0.5 | -1.3 |
| 1965 | -0.7 | -1.3 |
| 1964 | -0.8 | -1.3 |
| 1963 | -0.4 | -1.4 |
| 1962 | -1 | -1.5 |
| 1961 | -0.7 | -1.5 |
| 1960 | -0.2 | -5.1 |
| 1959 | -0.8 | -3.5 |
| 1958 | 0.6 | -3.3 |
| 1957 | 3.5 | -3.1 |
| 1956 | -1.1 | -3.1 |
| 1955 | -1 | -3 |
| 1954 | -1 | -3.1 |
| 1953 | -1 | -3 |
| 1952 | -0.9 | -3 |
| 1951 | -0.8 | -3 |
| 1950 | -0.7 | -4.6 |
UN projection (medium variant) · 2024–2100
| Year | Poland | Spain |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | -6.2-8.7–-4.1 | 2.3-2.2–7.4 |
| 2025 | -8.7-11.9–-5.8 | 2-4.3–8.6 |
| 2026 | -0.2-2.6–2.6 | 1.8-6–9.3 |
| 2027 | -0.2-2.8–2.8 | 1.9-6.5–10.4 |
| 2028 | -0.2-2.9–2.8 | 1.8-7.2–10.6 |
| 2029 | -0.2-2.8–2.9 | 1.7-8.3–11.3 |
| 2030 | -0.2-2.8–2.9 | 1.4-8.4–11.4 |
| 2031 | -0.2-3.1–2.8 | 1.3-8.9–11.6 |
| 2032 | -0.1-3.2–2.9 | 1.4-8.8–12.2 |
| 2033 | -0.1-3.3–3.1 | 1.5-9–12.4 |
| 2034 | -0.1-3.5–3.3 | 1.5-9.5–12.1 |
| 2035 | -0.1-3.2–3 | 1.4-9.5–12.4 |
| 2036 | -0.2-3.4–2.8 | 1.3-10.1–12.4 |
| 2037 | -0.1-3.4–3 | 1.3-10.3–12 |
| 2038 | -0.1-3.3–3.1 | 1.4-10.1–12.4 |
| 2039 | -0.2-3.4–3.1 | 1.3-10.4–12.6 |
| 2040 | -0.2-3.4–3.4 | 1.2-10.8–12.2 |
| 2041 | -0.1-3.5–3.4 | 1.2-10.5–12.3 |
| 2042 | -0.2-3.5–3.6 | 1.1-10.9–12.7 |
| 2043 | -0.2-3.5–3.4 | 1.3-10.7–13.1 |
| 2044 | -0.1-3.6–3.3 | 1.2-10.3–12.1 |
| 2045 | -0.1-3.7–3.4 | 1.1-11.1–12.5 |
| 2046 | -0.1-3.6–3.4 | 1.2-10.1–13.6 |
| 2047 | -0.1-3.7–3.4 | 1.2-9.6–13.3 |
| 2048 | -0.1-3.7–3.2 | 1.4-10.4–13.3 |
| 2049 | -0.1-3.9–3.2 | 1.2-11.2–13.3 |
| 2050 | -0.1-3.5–3.2 | 1.5-10.6–13.8 |
| 2051 | -0.2-3.5–3.2 | 1.6-11.5–13.6 |
| 2052 | -0.1-3.5–3 | 1.4-11.5–13.5 |
| 2053 | -0.2-3.6–3.3 | 1.3-11.5–14 |
| 2054 | -0.1-3.3–3.1 | 1.5-11.1–14.1 |
| 2055 | -0.2-3.6–3.2 | 1.5-11.9–14.4 |
| 2056 | -0.2-3.4–3.2 | 1.1-11.9–14 |
| 2057 | -0.1-3.3–3.1 | 1.3-12–14.2 |
| 2058 | -0.1-3.4–3.1 | 1.5-11.5–14.6 |
| 2059 | -0.1-3.6–3.1 | 1.4-11.5–15 |
| 2060 | -0.1-3.3–2.9 | 1.4-11.7–14.2 |
| 2061 | -0.1-3.4–3.2 | 1.2-11.5–14.5 |
| 2062 | -0.1-3.4–2.9 | 1.1-12.2–13.6 |
| 2063 | -0.1-3.8–3.2 | 1.3-11.3–14.4 |
| 2064 | -0.1-3.7–3.1 | 1.1-11.5–14.4 |
| 2065 | -0.1-3.8–3 | 1.4-10.4–15 |
| 2066 | -0.1-3.6–3.2 | 1.3-10.7–14.3 |
| 2067 | -0.1-3.6–3.4 | 1.4-10.4–14.5 |
| 2068 | -0.1-3.7–3.5 | 1.2-11.3–14.3 |
| 2069 | -0.1-3.4–3.3 | 1.4-11–14.9 |
| 2070 | -0-3.2–3.3 | 1.2-10.7–14.4 |
| 2071 | -0.1-3.5–3.2 | 1.3-10.6–14.5 |
| 2072 | -0.1-3.5–3.3 | 1.1-11.7–14.4 |
| 2073 | -0.1-3.5–3.2 | 1.2-12.1–13.9 |
| 2074 | -0.1-3.6–3.4 | 1.1-11.8–14 |
| 2075 | -0.1-3.7–3.5 | 1.2-11.7–14.3 |
| 2076 | -0.1-3.6–3.2 | 1.2-12–13.2 |
| 2077 | -0.2-3.7–3.2 | 1.3-11.5–12.6 |
| 2078 | -0.1-3.7–3.3 | 1.3-11–13.4 |
| 2079 | -0.1-3.5–3.4 | 1.2-11–13.6 |
| 2080 | -0.1-3.7–3.3 | 1.2-11–12.4 |
| 2081 | -0.1-3.9–3.5 | 1.2-10.9–13.6 |
| 2082 | -0.1-3.5–3.5 | 1.2-11.2–13.8 |
| 2083 | -0.1-3.9–3.3 | 1.1-11–13.6 |
| 2084 | -0.1-3.8–3.3 | 1.1-11.6–14 |
| 2085 | -0.1-3.7–3.4 | 1-10.9–14 |
| 2086 | -0.1-4.1–3.1 | 1.1-11.7–13.9 |
| 2087 | -0.1-3.9–3.4 | 1.1-11.5–14.6 |
| 2088 | -0.1-3.7–3.2 | 0.9-11.4–13.7 |
| 2089 | -0.1-3.7–3.2 | 0.7-12.3–12.7 |
| 2090 | -0.1-4.1–3.2 | 0.8-11.9–14.1 |
| 2091 | -0.1-4.2–3.2 | 1-11.8–14.4 |
| 2092 | -0.1-3.5–3.4 | 1-11.5–14.7 |
| 2093 | -0.1-3.8–3.2 | 1-12.4–14.9 |
| 2094 | -0.1-3.5–3.1 | 1-12.6–14.7 |
| 2095 | -0.1-3.7–3.2 | 0.9-13.1–14.1 |
| 2096 | -0.1-3.7–3.4 | 1-12.9–14.3 |
| 2097 | -0.1-4–3.2 | 0.9-12.6–13.6 |
| 2098 | -0.1-3.8–3.1 | 0.9-12.4–14 |
| 2099 | -0.1-3.8–3.3 | 0.9-13.1–14 |
| 2100 | -0.1-3.6–3.1 | 0.9-12.4–14.1 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- People moving in minus people moving out in a year, per 1,000 residents; below zero, more left than arrived.
- Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024.
- The dashed line is the UN projection (medium variant), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its 95% prediction interval.
- Ranks count the 229 countries with a value in 2023, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Poland vs Spain
Health
- Life expectancyPoland: 78.6 years in 2023Spain: 83.7 years in 2023
- Child mortalityPoland: 0.4 per 100 live births in 2024Spain: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityPoland: 3.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023Spain: 2.4 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterPoland: 88.9% in 2022Spain: 99.6% in 2022
- DepressionPoland: 2.25% in 2017Spain: 3.54% in 2017
- Suicide ratePoland: 14 per 100,000 people in 2017Spain: 5.5 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationPoland: 38.8 million people in 2023Spain: 47.9 million people in 2023
- Population growthPoland: -0.26% a year in 2023Spain: 0.02% a year in 2023
- Fertility ratePoland: 1.3 births per woman in 2023Spain: 1.21 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationPoland: 60.1% in 2025Spain: 80.5% in 2025
- Median agePoland: 41.3 years in 2023Spain: 44.9 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overPoland: 19.6% in 2023Spain: 20.7% in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingPoland: 4.5% of GDP in 2025Spain: 2.13% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsPoland: $42.5B in 2025Spain: $37.7B in 2025
- Military spending per personPoland: $1,219 in 2025Spain: $839 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingPoland: 9% of government spending in 2025Spain: 4.7% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelPoland: 189,000 people in 2020Spain: 199,000 people in 2020
- National powerPoland: 0.52% of world capability in 2022Spain: 0.66% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersPoland: 1.04% of the labour force in 2020Spain: 0.87% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsPoland: 2.17 billion TIV in 2025Spain: 237 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsPoland: 59 million TIV in 2025Spain: 341 million TIV in 2025