Russia vs Türkiye
Russia vs Türkiye: Temperature
Temperature in 2025: -2.3 °C in Russia and 13 °C in Türkiye, by ERA5 observations. In 2025 the value was higher in Türkiye, by 15.2 °C.
°C · ERA5
What the numbers say
- Türkiye has been higher in every year both have figures for since 1950.
- In 2025, Russia ranked 231 and Türkiye ranked 176 of 233 countries, counting from the highest.
- The CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) puts Russia at 0.1 °C and Türkiye at 14.4 °C in 2100.
Every year
°C · ERA5
| Year | Russia | Russia: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Türkiye | Türkiye: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | -2.3 | -2.7 | 13 | 12.8 |
| 2024 | -2.2 | -2.8 | 13.4 | 12.7 |
| 2023 | -2.5 | -2.9 | 13 | 12.5 |
| 2022 | -2.5 | -2.7 | 12.3 | 12.7 |
| 2021 | -3.4 | -2.9 | 12.7 | 12.6 |
| 2020 | -1.2 | -2.9 | 12.8 | 12.3 |
| 2019 | -2.5 | -2.9 | 12.7 | 12.2 |
| 2018 | -3.1 | -3 | 13.4 | 12.4 |
| 2017 | -2.5 | -3.2 | 12 | 12.2 |
| 2016 | -2.8 | -3.1 | 12.3 | 12 |
| 2015 | -2.6 | -3 | 12.1 | 12.4 |
| 2014 | -3.4 | -3 | 12.7 | 12.1 |
| 2013 | -3.2 | -3 | 11.7 | 12 |
| 2012 | -3.4 | -3.3 | 11.8 | 12.1 |
| 2011 | -2.8 | -3.5 | 10.8 | 12 |
| 2010 | -4 | -3.4 | 13.4 | 12 |
| 2009 | -4.1 | -3.4 | 11.7 | 11.9 |
| 2008 | -2.8 | -3.2 | 11.7 | 12 |
| 2007 | -2.4 | -3.4 | 11.8 | 11.7 |
| 2006 | -4.1 | -3.5 | 11.5 | 11.8 |
| 2005 | -2.9 | -3.4 | 11.5 | 11.6 |
| 2004 | -4 | -3.8 | 11.3 | 11.8 |
| 2003 | -3.3 | -3.5 | 11.4 | 11.9 |
| 2002 | -3.7 | -3.7 | 11.3 | 11.6 |
| 2001 | -4 | -3.7 | 12.5 | 11.7 |
| 2000 | -4.2 | -3.8 | 11.2 | 11.7 |
| 1999 | -4.3 | -4 | 12.2 | 11.6 |
| 1998 | -4.8 | -4 | 12 | 11.3 |
| 1997 | -3.9 | -4.3 | 10.4 | 11.4 |
| 1996 | -4.4 | -4.1 | 11.4 | 11.5 |
| 1995 | -2.7 | -4.3 | 11 | 11.2 |
| 1994 | -4.4 | -4.6 | 11.8 | 11.1 |
| 1993 | -4.1 | -4.6 | 10.3 | 10.9 |
| 1992 | -4.4 | -4.7 | 9.3 | 10.7 |
| 1991 | -3.7 | -4.3 | 10.8 | 11.1 |
| 1990 | -3.5 | -4.2 | 10.9 | 11.4 |
| 1989 | -3.5 | -4.2 | 11.1 | 11.1 |
| 1988 | -3.8 | -4.3 | 10.6 | 11 |
| 1987 | -5.8 | -4.7 | 10.6 | 11 |
| 1986 | -4.3 | -4.5 | 11.2 | 11.1 |
| 1985 | -5 | -4.4 | 10.8 | 10.9 |
| 1984 | -4.8 | -5.1 | 10.7 | 11 |
| 1983 | -3.4 | -5.1 | 10.3 | 10.6 |
| 1982 | -4.6 | -4.7 | 10.1 | 10.7 |
| 1981 | -3.6 | -4.9 | 11.4 | 11 |
| 1980 | -4.9 | -4.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 |
| 1979 | -5.3 | -4.7 | 11.5 | 10.8 |
| 1978 | -4.8 | -4.6 | 11.1 | 10.6 |
| 1977 | -5 | -4.7 | 10.9 | 10.6 |
| 1976 | -5.4 | -5.1 | 10 | 10.8 |
| 1975 | -3.6 | -4.9 | 10.6 | 10.8 |
| 1974 | -5.1 | -4.8 | 10.7 | 10.7 |
| 1973 | -4.3 | -5.1 | 10.6 | 10.9 |
| 1972 | -5.2 | -5 | 10.2 | 10.8 |
| 1971 | -4.4 | -5.1 | 11 | 10.8 |
| 1970 | -5 | -5.1 | 11.7 | 10.7 |
| 1969 | -6.2 | -5.1 | 11.2 | 10.8 |
| 1968 | -5.1 | -4.8 | 11.1 | 10.8 |
| 1967 | -3.8 | -5 | 10.1 | 10.8 |
| 1966 | -5.7 | -5.1 | 12.6 | 10.7 |
| 1965 | -5.3 | -5.3 | 10.8 | 10.6 |
| 1964 | -5.2 | -4.9 | 10.4 | 10.8 |
| 1963 | -4.5 | -5 | 11.4 | 10.8 |
| 1962 | -3.9 | -5 | 11.8 | 11 |
| 1961 | -4.4 | -4.8 | 10.5 | 10.9 |
| 1960 | -5.4 | -4.9 | 11.2 | 11 |
| 1959 | -4.2 | -4.8 | 9.8 | 11 |
| 1958 | -5.5 | -4.9 | 11 | 10.8 |
| 1957 | -4.6 | -5.1 | 11 | 10.9 |
| 1956 | -5.2 | -4.8 | 9.6 | 10.8 |
| 1955 | -5 | -4.7 | 11.9 | 10.9 |
| 1954 | -4.7 | -4.8 | 11.2 | 10.9 |
| 1953 | -4.1 | -4.9 | 10 | 11.1 |
| 1952 | -5.6 | -4.9 | 11.6 | 11.1 |
| 1951 | -4.4 | -5 | 11.2 | 11 |
| 1950 | -4.9 | -4.8 | 10.5 | 11 |
- 12.3Projected
CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) · 2026–2100
| Year | Russia | Russia: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Türkiye | Türkiye: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | – | -2.5-4–-0.8 | – | 12.711.8–13.6 |
| 2027 | – | -2.4-4–-0.7 | – | 12.611.8–13.8 |
| 2028 | – | -2.5-4–-0.8 | – | 12.611.9–13.4 |
| 2029 | – | -2.3-3.7–-0.8 | – | 12.812–13.7 |
| 2030 | – | -2.3-3.6–-0.8 | – | 12.811.9–13.8 |
| 2031 | – | -2.3-3.7–-1 | – | 12.912–13.5 |
| 2032 | – | -2.2-3.9–-0.7 | – | 12.811.9–13.6 |
| 2033 | – | -2.2-3.5–-0.6 | – | 12.912.3–14 |
| 2034 | – | -2.1-3.6–-0.8 | – | 1311.8–13.9 |
| 2035 | – | -2.2-3.7–-0.7 | – | 13.112.4–14 |
| 2036 | – | -2-3.7–-0.3 | – | 12.912.1–13.9 |
| 2037 | – | -1.9-3.4–-0.5 | – | 1312–14.1 |
| 2038 | – | -2.1-3.6–-0.3 | – | 13.311.8–14.3 |
| 2039 | – | -1.9-3.3–-0.4 | – | 13.412.3–14.2 |
| 2040 | – | -1.9-3.3–0.1 | – | 13.312.4–14.2 |
| 2041 | – | -1.9-3.6–-0.3 | – | 13.312.5–13.9 |
| 2042 | – | -1.9-3.6–-0.3 | – | 13.112.2–14 |
| 2043 | – | -1.5-3.3–0.1 | – | 13.112.4–14.2 |
| 2044 | – | -1.8-3.6–0.2 | – | 13.211.9–14.4 |
| 2045 | – | -1.8-3.3–0.2 | – | 13.412.3–14.8 |
| 2046 | – | -1.7-3.2–0.3 | – | 13.512.6–14.3 |
| 2047 | – | -1.3-3.2–0.3 | – | 13.312.1–14.6 |
| 2048 | – | -1.4-3–0.3 | – | 13.312.3–14.6 |
| 2049 | – | -1.2-2.7–0.9 | – | 13.312.4–14.2 |
| 2050 | – | -1.3-2.9–0.6 | – | 13.612.4–14.6 |
| 2051 | – | -1.4-3.1–0.6 | – | 13.512.9–14.4 |
| 2052 | – | -1.4-2.9–0.4 | – | 13.512.7–14.5 |
| 2053 | – | -1.1-2.7–0.8 | – | 13.812.9–14.8 |
| 2054 | – | -1.3-3–0.7 | – | 13.612.6–15 |
| 2055 | – | -1.4-3–0.9 | – | 13.812.6–15 |
| 2056 | – | -1.2-2.8–0.7 | – | 13.612.6–14.9 |
| 2057 | – | -1.1-3.4–1.1 | – | 13.812.6–14.7 |
| 2058 | – | -1.1-2.7–1.2 | – | 13.912.7–15.2 |
| 2059 | – | -1-2.8–1.3 | – | 13.812.4–15 |
| 2060 | – | -1-2.4–0.9 | – | 13.712.4–15.1 |
| 2061 | – | -1.1-2.7–1.1 | – | 13.812.8–14.9 |
| 2062 | – | -0.9-2.7–1.3 | – | 14.112.8–15.3 |
| 2063 | – | -0.7-2.7–1.4 | – | 1412.5–15.2 |
| 2064 | – | -0.8-2.5–1 | – | 1412.7–15.2 |
| 2065 | – | -0.8-2.8–1.3 | – | 1412.6–15.1 |
| 2066 | – | -0.6-2.3–1.2 | – | 13.812.6–15.1 |
| 2067 | – | -0.7-2.3–1.5 | – | 14.112.9–15.2 |
| 2068 | – | -0.9-2.8–1.1 | – | 1413.1–15.2 |
| 2069 | – | -0.6-2.4–1.7 | – | 14.113.1–15 |
| 2070 | – | -0.5-2.3–1.6 | – | 13.913.1–14.8 |
| 2071 | – | -0.6-2.6–1.7 | – | 14.213–15.3 |
| 2072 | – | -0.6-2.3–1.6 | – | 14.413.2–15.6 |
| 2073 | – | -0.7-2.5–1.7 | – | 1412.8–15.4 |
| 2074 | – | -0.4-2–1.4 | – | 1412.9–15.7 |
| 2075 | – | -0.6-2.6–1.6 | – | 14.213.2–15.3 |
| 2076 | – | -0.4-2.4–1.5 | – | 14.212.8–15.3 |
| 2077 | – | -0.4-1.7–1.3 | – | 14.213.1–15.6 |
| 2078 | – | -0.5-2.4–1.7 | – | 14.213–15.5 |
| 2079 | – | -0.4-2.1–2 | – | 14.213.3–15.5 |
| 2080 | – | -0.3-2.3–1.5 | – | 14.213.3–15.5 |
| 2081 | – | -0.4-2.1–1.6 | – | 14.413.1–15.7 |
| 2082 | – | -0.2-2.1–2.1 | – | 14.313.4–15.4 |
| 2083 | – | -0.2-2.1–1.8 | – | 14.413.5–15.8 |
| 2084 | – | -0.2-2.1–1.8 | – | 14.513–15.6 |
| 2085 | – | -0.2-2.1–1.9 | – | 14.313.5–15.5 |
| 2086 | – | -0-2–2.2 | – | 14.713.4–15.7 |
| 2087 | – | 0.1-1.9–2.2 | – | 14.412.9–15.7 |
| 2088 | – | -0.1-2.1–2 | – | 14.513–15.3 |
| 2089 | – | -0.1-2–2.1 | – | 14.513–16 |
| 2090 | – | -0.2-2.3–2.1 | – | 14.413.3–16 |
| 2091 | – | 0.2-1.8–2 | – | 14.413.4–15.7 |
| 2092 | – | 0.2-1.9–2.4 | – | 14.513.2–16 |
| 2093 | – | 0.3-1.8–2.5 | – | 14.613.5–15.9 |
| 2094 | – | 0.1-1.9–2.8 | – | 1513.1–16.1 |
| 2095 | – | 0.2-1.6–2.2 | – | 14.613.4–16 |
| 2096 | – | 0.2-2–2.3 | – | 14.613.1–16.3 |
| 2097 | – | 0.2-1.6–2.6 | – | 14.713.2–16.2 |
| 2098 | – | 0-1.9–2.3 | – | 14.613–16.4 |
| 2099 | – | 0.1-2.1–2.6 | – | 14.613.1–15.7 |
| 2100 | – | 0.1-1.7–2.3 | – | 14.413.3–15.8 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- The average air temperature near the ground, over the whole country and the whole year.
- Source: ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus, ECMWF) and CMIP6, via the World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal.
- The dashed line is the CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its models’ 10th–90th percentile.
- Climate model values are the median of the CMIP6 models, run on past emissions to 2014 and on SSP2-4.5, a middle-of-the-road path, after: they are not measurements.
- Ranks count the 233 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Russia vs Türkiye
Health
- Life expectancyRussia: 73.2 years in 2023Türkiye: 77.2 years in 2023
- Child mortalityRussia: 0.5 per 100 live births in 2024Türkiye: 1 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityRussia: 3.5 per 1,000 live births in 2023Türkiye: 9.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionRussia: 3.71% in 2017Türkiye: 3.72% in 2017
- Suicide rateRussia: 25.1 per 100,000 people in 2017Türkiye: 3.3 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationRussia: 145 million people in 2023Türkiye: 87.3 million people in 2023
- Population growthRussia: -0.32% a year in 2023Türkiye: 0.23% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateRussia: 1.45 births per woman in 2023Türkiye: 1.63 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationRussia: 75.3% in 2025Türkiye: 89.5% in 2025
- Median ageRussia: 39.5 years in 2023Türkiye: 32.5 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overRussia: 16.6% in 2023Türkiye: 10% in 2023
- Net migration rateRussia: 0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Türkiye: -3.6 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingRussia: 7.5% of GDP in 2025Türkiye: 1.91% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsRussia: $158B in 2025Türkiye: $26.8B in 2025
- Military spending per personRussia: $1,318 in 2025Türkiye: $342 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingRussia: 19.8% of government spending in 2025Türkiye: 5.9% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelRussia: 1.45 million people in 2020Türkiye: 512,000 people in 2020
- National powerRussia: 3.82% of world capability in 2022Türkiye: 1.25% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersRussia: 1.98% of the labour force in 2020Türkiye: 1.61% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsRussia: 129 million TIV in 2025Türkiye: 381 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsRussia: 1.94 billion TIV in 2025Türkiye: 539 million TIV in 2025