Turkmenistan vs Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan vs Uzbekistan: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 3.1% of GDP in Turkmenistan and 28.6% of GDP in Uzbekistan, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Uzbekistan, by 25.5 percentage points, or 9.3 times that in Turkmenistan.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Uzbekistan has been higher since 2019, when it overtook Turkmenistan.
- In 2025, Turkmenistan ranked 147 and Uzbekistan ranked 132 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Turkmenistan at 2.5% of GDP and Uzbekistan at 25.1% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Turkmenistan | Uzbekistan |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 3.1 | 28.6 |
| 2024 | 4.1 | 30.9 |
| 2023 | 5.5 | 30.7 |
| 2022 | 7.1 | 29.2 |
| 2021 | 12.3 | 30.2 |
| 2020 | 15.4 | 31.9 |
| 2019 | 17.7 | 24.3 |
| 2018 | 22.5 | 16.7 |
| 2017 | 24.7 | 17.3 |
| 2016 | 21.1 | 7.2 |
| 2015 | 19 | 5.9 |
| 2014 | 16 | 5.4 |
| 2013 | 20.4 | 5.5 |
| 2012 | 17.9 | 6.1 |
| 2011 | 14.8 | 5.7 |
| 2010 | 7 | 5.9 |
| 2009 | 3.1 | 6.6 |
| 2008 | 3.6 | 7.5 |
| 2007 | 3.1 | 8.6 |
| 2006 | 4.2 | 12.2 |
| 2005 | 6.8 | 18.9 |
| 2004 | 11.4 | 24.2 |
| 2003 | 16.9 | 28.3 |
| 2002 | 24.2 | 37.5 |
| 2001 | 34.1 | 40.4 |
| 2000 | 55.1 | 26.5 |
| 1999 | 66.7 | 16.6 |
| 1998 | 81.6 | 16.2 |
| 1997 | 64.2 | 13.8 |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Turkmenistan | Uzbekistan |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 2.9 | 27.6 |
| 2027 | 2.8 | 26.4 |
| 2028 | 2.7 | 25.6 |
| 2029 | 2.6 | 25 |
| 2030 | 2.5 | 25 |
| 2031 | 2.5 | 25.1 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Turkmenistan vs Uzbekistan
Health
- Life expectancyTurkmenistan: 70.1 years in 2023Uzbekistan: 72.4 years in 2023
- Child mortalityTurkmenistan: 3.9 per 100 live births in 2024Uzbekistan: 1.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityTurkmenistan: 31.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023Uzbekistan: 11.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterTurkmenistan: 94.9% in 2022Uzbekistan: 79.9% in 2022
- DepressionTurkmenistan: 2.82% in 2017Uzbekistan: 2.89% in 2017
- Suicide rateTurkmenistan: 8.7 per 100,000 people in 2017Uzbekistan: 9.4 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationTurkmenistan: 7.36 million people in 2023Uzbekistan: 35.7 million people in 2023
- Population growthTurkmenistan: 1.8% a year in 2023Uzbekistan: 2.01% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateTurkmenistan: 2.69 births per woman in 2023Uzbekistan: 3.5 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationTurkmenistan: 47.1% in 2025Uzbekistan: 51% in 2025
- Median ageTurkmenistan: 26.2 years in 2023Uzbekistan: 26.9 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overTurkmenistan: 4.3% in 2023Uzbekistan: 5.7% in 2023
- Net migration rateTurkmenistan: 2 per 1,000 people in 2023Uzbekistan: -0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingTurkmenistan: 3.11% of GDP in 1999Uzbekistan: 2.49% of GDP in 2018
- Military spending in US dollarsTurkmenistan: $188M in 1999Uzbekistan: $1.77B in 2018
- Military spending per personTurkmenistan: $25 in 1999Uzbekistan: $45 in 2018
- Military share of state spendingTurkmenistan: 15% of government spending in 1999Uzbekistan: 11.1% of government spending in 2018
- Armed forces personnelTurkmenistan: 57,000 people in 2020Uzbekistan: 68,000 people in 2020
- National powerTurkmenistan: 0.13% of world capability in 2022Uzbekistan: 0.29% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersTurkmenistan: 2.87% of the labour force in 2020Uzbekistan: 0.52% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsTurkmenistan: 382 million TIV in 2021Uzbekistan: 32 million TIV in 2025