What the records say
- When
- 1228 – 1230
- Kind
- War
- Coordinates
- 40.81° N, 15.90° E
- Description
- 13th-century Italian conflict
Placed at the area, not an exact site.
War of the Keys
13th-century Italian conflict
The War of the Keys (1228–1230) was the first military conflict between Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Papacy. Fighting took place in central and southern Italy. The Papacy made strong gains at first, securing the Papal States and invading the Kingdom of Sicily, while Frederick was away on the Sixth Crusade. Upon his return, he defeated the papal forces, forcing Pope Gregory IX to begin peace talks.
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The source
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