Canada vs United States
Canada vs United States: Net migration rate
Net migration rate in 2023: 11 per 1,000 people in Canada and 3.9 per 1,000 people in United States, by UN estimates. In 2023 the value was higher in Canada, by 7.2 per 1,000 people, or 2.87 times that in United States.
per 1,000 people · UN
What the numbers say
- Canada has been higher since 1994, when it overtook United States.
- In 2023, Canada ranked 21 and United States ranked 50 of 229 countries, counting from the highest.
- The UN projection (medium variant) puts Canada at 5.3 per 1,000 people and United States at 2.9 per 1,000 people in 2100.
Every year
per 1,000 people · UN
| Year | Canada | United States |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 11 | 3.9 |
| 2022 | 11.9 | 3.9 |
| 2021 | 5.2 | 2 |
| 2020 | 6.7 | 1 |
| 2019 | 10.3 | 5.3 |
| 2018 | 11.3 | 5.3 |
| 2017 | 10.1 | 5.6 |
| 2016 | 9.1 | 5.7 |
| 2015 | 6.2 | 5.3 |
| 2014 | 5.4 | 5.2 |
| 2013 | 6.8 | 5.2 |
| 2012 | 7 | 5.1 |
| 2011 | 6.6 | 5.2 |
| 2010 | 6.6 | 5.1 |
| 2009 | 7.2 | 4.5 |
| 2008 | 7.1 | 4.6 |
| 2007 | 6.5 | 4.5 |
| 2006 | 6.2 | 4.5 |
| 2005 | 6.3 | 4.6 |
| 2004 | 6.1 | 4.5 |
| 2003 | 5.8 | 4.6 |
| 2002 | 6.6 | 4.7 |
| 2001 | 7.1 | 4.6 |
| 2000 | 6.5 | 4.4 |
| 1999 | 5.2 | 4.1 |
| 1998 | 4.7 | 4.4 |
| 1997 | 4.8 | 4.1 |
| 1996 | 5.2 | 4.2 |
| 1995 | 4.8 | 4.4 |
| 1994 | 4.6 | 4.4 |
| 1993 | 4.6 | 4.7 |
| 1992 | 4.8 | 5 |
| 1991 | 4.8 | 4.7 |
| 1990 | 6.5 | 4.3 |
| 1989 | 9.4 | 1.6 |
| 1988 | 8.8 | 1.9 |
| 1987 | 6.5 | 2 |
| 1986 | 4.7 | 2 |
| 1985 | 2.7 | 2.5 |
| 1984 | 2.2 | 2.6 |
| 1983 | 2.6 | 2.8 |
| 1982 | 3.6 | 2.6 |
| 1981 | 4.6 | 2.5 |
| 1980 | 5 | 2.6 |
| 1979 | 3.6 | 2.2 |
| 1978 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
| 1977 | 3 | 2.6 |
| 1976 | 4.6 | 2.9 |
| 1975 | 6 | 3 |
| 1974 | 6.8 | 3.3 |
| 1973 | 5.6 | 3.6 |
| 1972 | 4 | 3.9 |
| 1971 | 9.6 | 4 |
| 1970 | 14.2 | 3.6 |
| 1969 | 4.4 | 2.6 |
| 1968 | 5.3 | 2.9 |
| 1967 | 6.5 | 2.9 |
| 1966 | 7.2 | 3.2 |
| 1965 | 5.7 | 3.3 |
| 1964 | 3.5 | 3.2 |
| 1963 | 2.7 | 3.4 |
| 1962 | 1.9 | 3.4 |
| 1961 | 1.9 | 3.2 |
| 1960 | 2.8 | 2.3 |
| 1959 | 3.8 | 2.2 |
| 1958 | 6.4 | -0 |
| 1957 | 10.8 | 0.1 |
| 1956 | 10.3 | -0.1 |
| 1955 | 6.1 | 0.1 |
| 1954 | 8.3 | -0.4 |
| 1953 | 9.5 | -0.2 |
| 1952 | 10.2 | -0.3 |
| 1951 | 10.1 | -0.1 |
| 1950 | 4.4 | 0.3 |
UN projection (medium variant) · 2024–2100
| Year | Canada | United States |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 9.35–14.1 | 3.72.3–5.4 |
| 2025 | 8.13.4–14.4 | 3.51.7–5.7 |
| 2026 | 7.21.8–14.4 | 3.41.3–5.8 |
| 2027 | 6.91.3–14.2 | 3.30.8–6.1 |
| 2028 | 6.80.5–14.3 | 3.50.8–6.4 |
| 2029 | 6.50.3–14.6 | 3.30.5–6.5 |
| 2030 | 6.40–14.9 | 3.40.3–6.6 |
| 2031 | 6.4-0.2–14.6 | 3.40.2–6.7 |
| 2032 | 6.1-1.1–14.6 | 3.40.2–6.7 |
| 2033 | 5.8-1.7–14.4 | 3.40.1–6.7 |
| 2034 | 6-1.7–14.9 | 3.4-0.1–6.9 |
| 2035 | 5.6-2.2–14.2 | 3.4-0.4–6.9 |
| 2036 | 5.8-2.7–14.2 | 3.4-0.5–6.8 |
| 2037 | 5.8-2.5–14.3 | 3.4-0.5–6.7 |
| 2038 | 5.8-2.6–14 | 3.4-0.4–7 |
| 2039 | 5.7-3–14.8 | 3.3-0.8–6.7 |
| 2040 | 5.6-3.3–14.2 | 3.3-0.8–7.2 |
| 2041 | 5.7-3.5–14.9 | 3.3-0.8–7 |
| 2042 | 5.7-3.4–14.9 | 3.4-0.7–7.3 |
| 2043 | 5.7-3.2–14.9 | 3.3-0.8–7.3 |
| 2044 | 5.7-3–14.9 | 3.3-0.9–7.2 |
| 2045 | 5.9-3.4–14.3 | 3.3-1.1–7.3 |
| 2046 | 5.6-3.6–13.9 | 3.3-1–7.4 |
| 2047 | 5.6-4–14 | 3.3-0.8–7.6 |
| 2048 | 5.7-4.1–14 | 3.3-1–7.4 |
| 2049 | 5.4-4.5–13.6 | 3.3-1–7.6 |
| 2050 | 5.7-3.9–14.6 | 3.4-1–7.5 |
| 2051 | 5.7-4.1–14.6 | 3.4-0.9–7.6 |
| 2052 | 5.9-3.7–14.7 | 3.3-1.3–7.6 |
| 2053 | 5.6-4.8–14 | 3.4-1.2–7.8 |
| 2054 | 5.6-5–13.9 | 3.2-1.2–7.5 |
| 2055 | 5.6-4.7–14.7 | 3.2-1.5–7.6 |
| 2056 | 5.7-4.6–14.6 | 3.2-1.4–7.6 |
| 2057 | 5.8-5.2–14.4 | 3.3-1.4–8.1 |
| 2058 | 6-5.1–14.3 | 3.4-1.6–8.1 |
| 2059 | 5.9-4.8–14.4 | 3.3-1.4–7.7 |
| 2060 | 5.7-4.6–13.8 | 3.2-1.7–8 |
| 2061 | 5.8-4.4–14 | 3.3-1.9–8 |
| 2062 | 5.9-4.2–14.1 | 3.3-1.8–8 |
| 2063 | 5.8-4.6–13.9 | 3.3-1.9–7.8 |
| 2064 | 5.7-5.2–14.3 | 3.2-2–7.8 |
| 2065 | 5.7-4.8–14.4 | 3.2-1.8–7.7 |
| 2066 | 5.6-4.9–14.2 | 3.3-2–7.7 |
| 2067 | 5.8-5.6–14.1 | 3.3-1.9–8 |
| 2068 | 5.5-5.1–14.1 | 3.3-2–8 |
| 2069 | 5.5-5.2–13.5 | 3.4-1.9–7.8 |
| 2070 | 5.5-5.6–13.9 | 3.3-2.1–7.9 |
| 2071 | 5.5-5.8–13.8 | 3.4-2–8.1 |
| 2072 | 5.5-5.3–14.1 | 3.3-2–8.1 |
| 2073 | 5.3-6.3–13.7 | 3.3-2.1–8 |
| 2074 | 5.4-6.3–13.9 | 3.3-2.1–8.1 |
| 2075 | 5.6-5.6–13.5 | 3.4-2–8.5 |
| 2076 | 5.7-5.9–13.5 | 3.3-2.5–8.2 |
| 2077 | 5.4-5.7–13.5 | 3.3-2.2–8 |
| 2078 | 5.6-5.8–14.1 | 3.3-2.2–8.7 |
| 2079 | 5.5-6.2–13.9 | 3.2-2.4–8.2 |
| 2080 | 5.5-5.7–13.6 | 3.2-2.6–8.2 |
| 2081 | 5.7-5.7–14.1 | 3.4-2.5–8.3 |
| 2082 | 5.4-6.4–13.3 | 3.3-2.6–7.9 |
| 2083 | 5.6-6–14 | 3.3-2.6–8 |
| 2084 | 5.5-5.9–14 | 3.2-2.5–8.1 |
| 2085 | 5.4-5.9–14.3 | 3.1-2.4–7.9 |
| 2086 | 5.4-6–13.7 | 3.2-2.4–8.3 |
| 2087 | 5.3-6.5–14.1 | 3.2-2.4–8.2 |
| 2088 | 5.9-5.7–14.3 | 3.3-2.4–8.3 |
| 2089 | 5.3-6.1–14.1 | 3.2-2.4–8.2 |
| 2090 | 5.1-6.2–14.2 | 3.1-2.4–8.1 |
| 2091 | 5.5-4.6–15.1 | 3.2-2.7–8.6 |
| 2092 | 5.3-5.7–14.4 | 3.2-2.6–8.4 |
| 2093 | 5.4-5.5–15 | 3.1-2.5–8.4 |
| 2094 | 5.3-5.7–14.8 | 3.2-2.6–8.3 |
| 2095 | 5.3-5.5–14.5 | 3.1-2.7–8.1 |
| 2096 | 5.3-5.5–15 | 3.1-3.2–8.2 |
| 2097 | 5.6-5–14.8 | 3.1-2.8–8.3 |
| 2098 | 5.5-5.3–15 | 3-2.9–8.1 |
| 2099 | 5.3-5.3–14.1 | 3-2.7–7.9 |
| 2100 | 5.3-5.5–14.3 | 2.9-2.7–8 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- People moving in minus people moving out in a year, per 1,000 residents; below zero, more left than arrived.
- Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024.
- The dashed line is the UN projection (medium variant), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its 95% prediction interval.
- Ranks count the 229 countries with a value in 2023, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Canada vs United States
Health
- Life expectancyCanada: 82.6 years in 2023United States: 79.3 years in 2023
- Child mortalityCanada: 0.5 per 100 live births in 2024United States: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityCanada: 4.3 per 1,000 live births in 2023United States: 5.3 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterCanada: 99% in 2022United States: 97.5% in 2022
- DepressionCanada: 3.99% in 2017United States: 4.84% in 2017
- Suicide rateCanada: 10.9 per 100,000 people in 2017United States: 12.8 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationCanada: 39.3 million people in 2023United States: 344 million people in 2023
- Population growthCanada: 1.22% a year in 2023United States: 0.58% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateCanada: 1.35 births per woman in 2023United States: 1.62 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationCanada: 82.9% in 2025United States: 80.2% in 2025
- Median ageCanada: 40.3 years in 2023United States: 38 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overCanada: 19.4% in 2023United States: 17.4% in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingCanada: 1.63% of GDP in 2025United States: 3.12% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsCanada: $37.5B in 2025United States: $929B in 2025
- Military spending per personCanada: $939 in 2025United States: $2,755 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingCanada: 3.7% of government spending in 2025United States: 8.3% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelCanada: 72,000 people in 2020United States: 1.4 million people in 2020
- National powerCanada: 0.81% of world capability in 2022United States: 12.36% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersCanada: 0.35% of the labour force in 2020United States: 0.84% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsCanada: 83 million TIV in 2025United States: 745 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsCanada: 312 million TIV in 2025United States: 14 billion TIV in 2025