China vs United States
China vs United States: Net migration rate
Net migration rate in 2023: -0.4 per 1,000 people in China and 3.9 per 1,000 people in United States, by UN estimates. In 2023 the value was higher in United States, by 4.3 per 1,000 people.
per 1,000 people · UN
What the numbers say
- United States has been higher since 1959, when it overtook China.
- In 2023, China ranked 134 and United States ranked 50 of 229 countries, counting from the highest.
- The UN projection (medium variant) puts China at -0.1 per 1,000 people and United States at 2.9 per 1,000 people in 2100.
Every year
per 1,000 people · UN
| Year | China | United States |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | -0.4 | 3.9 |
| 2022 | -0.2 | 3.9 |
| 2021 | -0.3 | 2 |
| 2020 | -0.1 | 1 |
| 2019 | -0.5 | 5.3 |
| 2018 | -0.1 | 5.3 |
| 2017 | -0.1 | 5.6 |
| 2016 | -0.1 | 5.7 |
| 2015 | -0.5 | 5.3 |
| 2014 | -0.3 | 5.2 |
| 2013 | -0.1 | 5.2 |
| 2012 | -0 | 5.1 |
| 2011 | -0.3 | 5.2 |
| 2010 | -0.1 | 5.1 |
| 2009 | -0.1 | 4.5 |
| 2008 | -0.6 | 4.6 |
| 2007 | -0.8 | 4.5 |
| 2006 | -0.6 | 4.5 |
| 2005 | -0.1 | 4.6 |
| 2004 | -0.6 | 4.5 |
| 2003 | -0.5 | 4.6 |
| 2002 | -0.6 | 4.7 |
| 2001 | -0.1 | 4.6 |
| 2000 | -0 | 4.4 |
| 1999 | -0.1 | 4.1 |
| 1998 | -0 | 4.4 |
| 1997 | -0.2 | 4.1 |
| 1996 | -0.2 | 4.2 |
| 1995 | -0.3 | 4.4 |
| 1994 | -0.6 | 4.4 |
| 1993 | -0.3 | 4.7 |
| 1992 | -0.1 | 5 |
| 1991 | -0.5 | 4.7 |
| 1990 | -0 | 4.3 |
| 1989 | -0.3 | 1.6 |
| 1988 | -0.3 | 1.9 |
| 1987 | -0.2 | 2 |
| 1986 | -0.1 | 2 |
| 1985 | -0.1 | 2.5 |
| 1984 | -0.1 | 2.6 |
| 1983 | -0 | 2.8 |
| 1982 | -0 | 2.6 |
| 1981 | -0 | 2.5 |
| 1980 | -0 | 2.6 |
| 1979 | -0 | 2.2 |
| 1978 | -0 | 2.5 |
| 1977 | -0 | 2.6 |
| 1976 | -0.1 | 2.9 |
| 1975 | -0.1 | 3 |
| 1974 | -0.2 | 3.3 |
| 1973 | -0.2 | 3.6 |
| 1972 | -0.3 | 3.9 |
| 1971 | -0.2 | 4 |
| 1970 | -0.2 | 3.6 |
| 1969 | -0.1 | 2.6 |
| 1968 | -0 | 2.9 |
| 1967 | 1.6 | 2.9 |
| 1966 | 0 | 3.2 |
| 1965 | -0.2 | 3.3 |
| 1964 | -1.8 | 3.2 |
| 1963 | -0 | 3.4 |
| 1962 | -0 | 3.4 |
| 1961 | -0 | 3.2 |
| 1960 | -0 | 2.3 |
| 1959 | -0 | 2.2 |
| 1958 | -0 | -0 |
| 1957 | -0 | 0.1 |
| 1956 | -0 | -0.1 |
| 1955 | -0 | 0.1 |
| 1954 | -0 | -0.4 |
| 1953 | -0 | -0.2 |
| 1952 | -0 | -0.3 |
| 1951 | -0 | -0.1 |
| 1950 | -0 | 0.3 |
UN projection (medium variant) · 2024–2100
| Year | China | United States |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 3.72.3–5.4 |
| 2025 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 3.51.7–5.7 |
| 2026 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 3.41.3–5.8 |
| 2027 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 3.30.8–6.1 |
| 2028 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 3.50.8–6.4 |
| 2029 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 3.30.5–6.5 |
| 2030 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.40.3–6.6 |
| 2031 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 3.40.2–6.7 |
| 2032 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 3.40.2–6.7 |
| 2033 | -0.2-1–0.8 | 3.40.1–6.7 |
| 2034 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 3.4-0.1–6.9 |
| 2035 | -0.2-1–0.9 | 3.4-0.4–6.9 |
| 2036 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 3.4-0.5–6.8 |
| 2037 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 3.4-0.5–6.7 |
| 2038 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.4-0.4–7 |
| 2039 | -0.2-1–0.8 | 3.3-0.8–6.7 |
| 2040 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 3.3-0.8–7.2 |
| 2041 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 3.3-0.8–7 |
| 2042 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 3.4-0.7–7.3 |
| 2043 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.3-0.8–7.3 |
| 2044 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.3-0.9–7.2 |
| 2045 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 3.3-1.1–7.3 |
| 2046 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 3.3-1–7.4 |
| 2047 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 3.3-0.8–7.6 |
| 2048 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.3-1–7.4 |
| 2049 | -0.2-1–0.9 | 3.3-1–7.6 |
| 2050 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 3.4-1–7.5 |
| 2051 | -0.2-0.9–0.9 | 3.4-0.9–7.6 |
| 2052 | -0.2-1–0.9 | 3.3-1.3–7.6 |
| 2053 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.4-1.2–7.8 |
| 2054 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.2-1.2–7.5 |
| 2055 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.2-1.5–7.6 |
| 2056 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 3.2-1.4–7.6 |
| 2057 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 3.3-1.4–8.1 |
| 2058 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 3.4-1.6–8.1 |
| 2059 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 3.3-1.4–7.7 |
| 2060 | -0.2-0.9–0.8 | 3.2-1.7–8 |
| 2061 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.3-1.9–8 |
| 2062 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.3-1.8–8 |
| 2063 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.3-1.9–7.8 |
| 2064 | -0.2-1–0.8 | 3.2-2–7.8 |
| 2065 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.2-1.8–7.7 |
| 2066 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.3-2–7.7 |
| 2067 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.3-1.9–8 |
| 2068 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 3.3-2–8 |
| 2069 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.4-1.9–7.8 |
| 2070 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.3-2.1–7.9 |
| 2071 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 3.4-2–8.1 |
| 2072 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.3-2–8.1 |
| 2073 | -0.1-0.9–0.9 | 3.3-2.1–8 |
| 2074 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.3-2.1–8.1 |
| 2075 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 3.4-2–8.5 |
| 2076 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.3-2.5–8.2 |
| 2077 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.3-2.2–8 |
| 2078 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.3-2.2–8.7 |
| 2079 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 3.2-2.4–8.2 |
| 2080 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.2-2.6–8.2 |
| 2081 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.4-2.5–8.3 |
| 2082 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.3-2.6–7.9 |
| 2083 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.3-2.6–8 |
| 2084 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 3.2-2.5–8.1 |
| 2085 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.1-2.4–7.9 |
| 2086 | -0.1-0.9–0.8 | 3.2-2.4–8.3 |
| 2087 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.2-2.4–8.2 |
| 2088 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 3.3-2.4–8.3 |
| 2089 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.2-2.4–8.2 |
| 2090 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.1-2.4–8.1 |
| 2091 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.2-2.7–8.6 |
| 2092 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.2-2.6–8.4 |
| 2093 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.1-2.5–8.4 |
| 2094 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 3.2-2.6–8.3 |
| 2095 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 3.1-2.7–8.1 |
| 2096 | -0.1-1.1–0.8 | 3.1-3.2–8.2 |
| 2097 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 3.1-2.8–8.3 |
| 2098 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 3-2.9–8.1 |
| 2099 | -0.1-1–0.9 | 3-2.7–7.9 |
| 2100 | -0.1-1–0.8 | 2.9-2.7–8 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- People moving in minus people moving out in a year, per 1,000 residents; below zero, more left than arrived.
- Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024.
- The dashed line is the UN projection (medium variant), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its 95% prediction interval.
- Ranks count the 229 countries with a value in 2023, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
China vs United States
Health
- Life expectancyChina: 78 years in 2023United States: 79.3 years in 2023
- Child mortalityChina: 0.6 per 100 live births in 2024United States: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityChina: 5.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023United States: 5.3 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionChina: 3.31% in 2017United States: 4.84% in 2017
- Suicide rateChina: 7.2 per 100,000 people in 2017United States: 12.8 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationChina: 1.42 billion people in 2023United States: 344 million people in 2023
- Population growthChina: -0.24% a year in 2023United States: 0.58% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateChina: 1 births per woman in 2023United States: 1.62 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationChina: 66.3% in 2025United States: 80.2% in 2025
- Median ageChina: 39.1 years in 2023United States: 38 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overChina: 14.3% in 2023United States: 17.4% in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingChina: 1.73% of GDP in 2025United States: 3.12% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsChina: $335B in 2025United States: $929B in 2025
- Military spending per personChina: $237 in 2025United States: $2,755 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingChina: 5.1% of government spending in 2025United States: 8.3% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelChina: 2.54 million people in 2020United States: 1.4 million people in 2020
- National powerChina: 23.41% of world capability in 2022United States: 12.36% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersChina: 0.33% of the labour force in 2020United States: 0.84% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsChina: 207 million TIV in 2025United States: 745 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsChina: 880 million TIV in 2025United States: 14 billion TIV in 2025