India vs Nepal
India vs Nepal: Government debt
Government debt: 84.8% of GDP in India in 2024 and 47.4% of GDP in Nepal in 2025, by IMF estimates. In 2024 the value was higher in India, by 36.9 percentage points, or 1.77 times that in Nepal.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- India has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2000.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts India at 75.1% of GDP and Nepal at 47.7% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | India | Nepal |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 84.3 | 47.4 |
| 2024 | 84.8 | 47.9 |
| 2023 | 84.8 | 47 |
| 2022 | 84.4 | 42.7 |
| 2021 | 85.5 | 43.3 |
| 2020 | 90.4 | 43.3 |
| 2019 | 76.5 | 34 |
| 2018 | 71.6 | 31.1 |
| 2017 | 70.7 | 25 |
| 2016 | 69.8 | 25 |
| 2015 | 69.7 | 25.7 |
| 2014 | 67.6 | 27.6 |
| 2013 | 68 | 31.9 |
| 2012 | 68.1 | 34.5 |
| 2011 | 68.7 | 32.4 |
| 2010 | 67.7 | 35.4 |
| 2009 | 72.7 | 39.5 |
| 2008 | 74.3 | 36.8 |
| 2007 | 75.4 | 37.9 |
| 2006 | 77.9 | 42.9 |
| 2005 | 82.4 | 45.1 |
| 2004 | 84.9 | 51.3 |
| 2003 | 85.9 | 53 |
| 2002 | 84.3 | 51.8 |
| 2001 | 80.1 | 50.8 |
| 2000 | 74.9 | 50.8 |
| 1999 | 71.3 | – |
| 1998 | 69.3 | – |
| 1997 | 69 | – |
| 1996 | 67.1 | – |
| 1995 | 70.9 | – |
| 1994 | 74.8 | – |
| 1993 | 78.3 | – |
| 1992 | 78.8 | – |
| 1991 | 76.7 | – |
- 12.3Projected
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | India | Nepal |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 83.1 | 49.4 |
| 2027 | 81.3 | 50.7 |
| 2028 | 79.9 | 51 |
| 2029 | 78.4 | 49.9 |
| 2030 | 77 | 48.8 |
| 2031 | 75.1 | 47.7 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
India vs Nepal
Health
- Life expectancyIndia: 72 years in 2023Nepal: 70.4 years in 2023
- Child mortalityIndia: 2.7 per 100 live births in 2024Nepal: 2.5 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityIndia: 22.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023Nepal: 21.9 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionIndia: 3.53% in 2017Nepal: 3.61% in 2017
- Suicide rateIndia: 15.6 per 100,000 people in 2017Nepal: 8.4 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationIndia: 1.44 billion people in 2023Nepal: 29.7 million people in 2023
- Population growthIndia: 0.89% a year in 2023Nepal: -0.14% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateIndia: 1.98 births per woman in 2023Nepal: 1.98 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationIndia: 35.7% in 2025Nepal: 67% in 2025
- Median ageIndia: 28.1 years in 2023Nepal: 24.7 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overIndia: 6.9% in 2023Nepal: 6.4% in 2023
- Net migration rateIndia: -0.7 per 1,000 people in 2023Nepal: -13.8 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingIndia: 2.3% of GDP in 2025Nepal: 0.97% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsIndia: $93.3B in 2025Nepal: $429M in 2025
- Military spending per personIndia: $63 in 2025Nepal: $14 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingIndia: 8.2% of government spending in 2025Nepal: 4.5% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelIndia: 3.07 million people in 2020Nepal: 112,000 people in 2020
- National powerIndia: 9.94% of world capability in 2022Nepal: 0.18% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersIndia: 0.58% of the labour force in 2020Nepal: 1.4% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsIndia: 2.86 billion TIV in 2025Nepal: 6 million TIV in 2025