India vs Pakistan
India vs Pakistan: Temperature
Temperature in 2025: 24.3 °C in India and 21.6 °C in Pakistan, by ERA5 observations. In 2025 the value was higher in India, by 2.6 °C, or 1.12 times that in Pakistan.
°C · ERA5
What the numbers say
- India has been higher in every year both have figures for since 1950.
- In 2025, India ranked 106 and Pakistan ranked 135 of 233 countries, counting from the highest.
- The CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) puts India at 26.6 °C and Pakistan at 23.4 °C in 2100.
Every year
°C · ERA5
| Year | India | India: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Pakistan | Pakistan: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 24.3 | 24.8 | 21.6 | 21.5 |
| 2024 | 24.8 | 24.9 | 21.3 | 21.5 |
| 2023 | 24.5 | 24.9 | 21 | 21.4 |
| 2022 | 24.5 | 24.8 | 21.4 | 21.3 |
| 2021 | 24.3 | 24.8 | 21.3 | 21.2 |
| 2020 | 24.2 | 24.7 | 20.5 | 21.4 |
| 2019 | 24.5 | 24.7 | 20.6 | 21.1 |
| 2018 | 24.5 | 24.7 | 21.4 | 21.1 |
| 2017 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 21.3 | 21.2 |
| 2016 | 24.9 | 24.6 | 21.5 | 21 |
| 2015 | 24.5 | 24.7 | 20.6 | 21.2 |
| 2014 | 24.2 | 24.6 | 20.4 | 21 |
| 2013 | 24 | 24.6 | 20.7 | 20.9 |
| 2012 | 24.2 | 24.7 | 20.2 | 20.9 |
| 2011 | 24.1 | 24.6 | 20.8 | 20.9 |
| 2010 | 24.7 | 24.6 | 21.2 | 20.8 |
| 2009 | 24.8 | 24.5 | 20.9 | 20.8 |
| 2008 | 24 | 24.4 | 20.6 | 20.6 |
| 2007 | 24.3 | 24.4 | 20.8 | 20.7 |
| 2006 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 21.2 | 20.6 |
| 2005 | 24.1 | 24.5 | 20.1 | 20.7 |
| 2004 | 24.2 | 24.5 | 21.3 | 20.7 |
| 2003 | 24.2 | 24.4 | 20.6 | 20.6 |
| 2002 | 24.4 | 24.5 | 21.2 | 20.8 |
| 2001 | 24.1 | 24.5 | 21 | 20.6 |
| 2000 | 24 | 24.4 | 20.8 | 20.5 |
| 1999 | 24.1 | 24.4 | 20.8 | 20.7 |
| 1998 | 24.2 | 24.3 | 20.7 | 20.5 |
| 1997 | 23.6 | 24.3 | 19.5 | 20.4 |
| 1996 | 24 | 24.2 | 20 | 20.3 |
| 1995 | 24.1 | 24.3 | 20 | 20.3 |
| 1994 | 23.9 | 24.1 | 20 | 20.2 |
| 1993 | 24 | 24 | 20.6 | 20 |
| 1992 | 23.8 | 23.9 | 19.6 | 20 |
| 1991 | 23.9 | 24.3 | 19.9 | 20.4 |
| 1990 | 23.7 | 24.3 | 20.6 | 20.3 |
| 1989 | 23.7 | 24.3 | 19.8 | 20.3 |
| 1988 | 24.2 | 24.2 | 21.1 | 20.1 |
| 1987 | 24.3 | 24.2 | 20.6 | 20.3 |
| 1986 | 23.9 | 24.2 | 19.8 | 20.2 |
| 1985 | 24.1 | 24.1 | 20.4 | 20.2 |
| 1984 | 23.8 | 24.1 | 20 | 20.1 |
| 1983 | 23.6 | 24 | 19.6 | 19.9 |
| 1982 | 23.8 | 24.1 | 19.5 | 20.1 |
| 1981 | 23.8 | 24.2 | 20.4 | 20.2 |
| 1980 | 24.2 | 24.1 | 20.6 | 20.1 |
| 1979 | 24.3 | 24.1 | 19.9 | 20.1 |
| 1978 | 23.7 | 24 | 20.1 | 20.1 |
| 1977 | 23.9 | 24.1 | 20.6 | 20 |
| 1976 | 23.9 | 24.1 | 19.7 | 20 |
| 1975 | 23.5 | 23.9 | 19.5 | 20 |
| 1974 | 23.9 | 24.1 | 19.9 | 20.1 |
| 1973 | 24.1 | 24.2 | 20.1 | 20 |
| 1972 | 24.1 | 24 | 19.5 | 20 |
| 1971 | 23.4 | 24.1 | 20.4 | 19.9 |
| 1970 | 23.8 | 24 | 20.5 | 19.9 |
| 1969 | 24.3 | 24 | 20.4 | 19.9 |
| 1968 | 23.6 | 24 | 19.7 | 19.8 |
| 1967 | 23.8 | 24 | 19.6 | 20 |
| 1966 | 23.8 | 24 | 20.1 | 19.9 |
| 1965 | 23.8 | 24 | 20.2 | 19.9 |
| 1964 | 23.8 | 23.9 | 19.5 | 19.8 |
| 1963 | 23.8 | 23.9 | 20.5 | 19.8 |
| 1962 | 23.4 | 24.1 | 19.6 | 20.1 |
| 1961 | 23.3 | 24.1 | 19.5 | 20.1 |
| 1960 | 24 | 24.1 | 20 | 20.1 |
| 1959 | 23.9 | 24.2 | 20 | 20.2 |
| 1958 | 24.2 | 24.1 | 20.5 | 20 |
| 1957 | 23.8 | 24.1 | 19.2 | 20.3 |
| 1956 | 23.5 | 24.1 | 19.7 | 20 |
| 1955 | 23.6 | 24.1 | 20 | 20.1 |
| 1954 | 23.7 | 24.1 | 20.1 | 20 |
| 1953 | 22.6 | 24.1 | 19.6 | 19.9 |
| 1952 | 23 | 24.1 | 20 | 20 |
| 1951 | 22.9 | 24.2 | 20.1 | 20.1 |
| 1950 | 22.8 | 24.2 | 19.2 | 20.2 |
- 12.3Projected
CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) · 2026–2100
| Year | India | India: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Pakistan | Pakistan: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | – | 24.924–25.6 | – | 21.420.6–22.2 |
| 2027 | – | 24.924.1–25.7 | – | 21.420.6–22.2 |
| 2028 | – | 24.824.3–25.5 | – | 21.420.7–22.3 |
| 2029 | – | 25.124.4–25.8 | – | 21.520.6–22.4 |
| 2030 | – | 24.924.2–25.7 | – | 21.520.7–22.2 |
| 2031 | – | 2524.3–25.7 | – | 21.520.8–22.2 |
| 2032 | – | 25.124.3–25.8 | – | 21.620.8–22.5 |
| 2033 | – | 2524.3–25.6 | – | 21.520.9–22.6 |
| 2034 | – | 25.124.4–25.9 | – | 21.721–22.6 |
| 2035 | – | 25.124.4–25.9 | – | 21.721–22.5 |
| 2036 | – | 25.124.4–25.7 | – | 21.721.1–22.3 |
| 2037 | – | 25.324.6–26 | – | 21.921.1–22.7 |
| 2038 | – | 25.324.5–26 | – | 2221–22.6 |
| 2039 | – | 25.224.5–25.9 | – | 21.821.2–22.5 |
| 2040 | – | 25.124.4–26.1 | – | 21.921.2–22.7 |
| 2041 | – | 25.324.7–26 | – | 21.821.1–22.7 |
| 2042 | – | 25.524.7–26.2 | – | 2221.2–23.1 |
| 2043 | – | 25.324.6–26.1 | – | 21.821.1–22.9 |
| 2044 | – | 25.424.7–26.2 | – | 2221.2–22.8 |
| 2045 | – | 25.424.7–26.1 | – | 22.121.3–22.8 |
| 2046 | – | 25.624.6–26.5 | – | 22.321.3–23.2 |
| 2047 | – | 25.624.7–26.4 | – | 22.221.1–23.2 |
| 2048 | – | 25.724.8–26.6 | – | 22.321.5–23.1 |
| 2049 | – | 25.624.9–26.6 | – | 22.121.4–23.3 |
| 2050 | – | 25.724.9–26.7 | – | 22.521.6–23.5 |
| 2051 | – | 25.725–26.6 | – | 22.421.5–23.5 |
| 2052 | – | 25.724.9–26.5 | – | 22.421.6–23.2 |
| 2053 | – | 25.725–26.6 | – | 22.321.6–23.4 |
| 2054 | – | 25.824.9–26.7 | – | 22.421.5–23.5 |
| 2055 | – | 25.825.1–26.7 | – | 22.521.8–23.5 |
| 2056 | – | 25.925–26.8 | – | 22.321.6–23.5 |
| 2057 | – | 25.924.9–26.8 | – | 22.621.6–23.7 |
| 2058 | – | 25.825.1–26.9 | – | 22.421.7–23.5 |
| 2059 | – | 2625.2–27 | – | 22.721.7–23.8 |
| 2060 | – | 26.125.3–26.8 | – | 22.621.8–23.7 |
| 2061 | – | 2625.1–26.8 | – | 22.621.9–23.6 |
| 2062 | – | 25.925.1–27.2 | – | 22.721.7–24 |
| 2063 | – | 25.925.2–27 | – | 22.722–23.8 |
| 2064 | – | 2625.2–27 | – | 22.721.7–24.1 |
| 2065 | – | 26.125.3–27.1 | – | 22.721.9–23.9 |
| 2066 | – | 26.125.4–27 | – | 22.822–24.2 |
| 2067 | – | 25.925.2–27.2 | – | 22.822.2–24 |
| 2068 | – | 26.125.2–27.3 | – | 22.921.9–24.1 |
| 2069 | – | 26.225.3–27.2 | – | 2321.9–23.9 |
| 2070 | – | 2625.3–27.1 | – | 22.922.1–24 |
| 2071 | – | 26.125.3–27.3 | – | 22.822–24.1 |
| 2072 | – | 26.225.4–27.1 | – | 22.922–24.2 |
| 2073 | – | 26.325.5–27.1 | – | 23.221.9–24.1 |
| 2074 | – | 26.225.5–27.2 | – | 23.122.2–24.1 |
| 2075 | – | 26.225.4–27.1 | – | 2322.2–24.2 |
| 2076 | – | 26.225.4–27.4 | – | 22.922–24.1 |
| 2077 | – | 26.325.5–27.4 | – | 23.122–24.3 |
| 2078 | – | 26.325.5–27.3 | – | 2322.1–24.4 |
| 2079 | – | 26.325.4–27.2 | – | 2322–24.1 |
| 2080 | – | 26.425.5–27.4 | – | 2322–24.3 |
| 2081 | – | 26.425.7–27.5 | – | 23.122.2–24.3 |
| 2082 | – | 26.325.6–27.5 | – | 23.122.2–24.4 |
| 2083 | – | 26.525.7–27.6 | – | 23.322.5–24.4 |
| 2084 | – | 26.525.5–27.6 | – | 23.322.3–24.4 |
| 2085 | – | 26.525.5–27.8 | – | 23.322.3–24.8 |
| 2086 | – | 26.425.4–27.7 | – | 23.222.1–24.5 |
| 2087 | – | 26.425.4–27.6 | – | 23.322.2–24.6 |
| 2088 | – | 26.425.5–27.8 | – | 23.222.2–24.7 |
| 2089 | – | 26.425.6–27.6 | – | 23.422.5–24.5 |
| 2090 | – | 26.525.7–27.6 | – | 23.422.5–24.4 |
| 2091 | – | 26.625.7–27.8 | – | 23.522.4–24.5 |
| 2092 | – | 26.625.7–27.7 | – | 23.322.4–24.5 |
| 2093 | – | 26.525.6–27.8 | – | 23.522.6–24.4 |
| 2094 | – | 26.625.7–27.7 | – | 23.522.5–24.5 |
| 2095 | – | 26.825.7–27.7 | – | 23.522.3–24.6 |
| 2096 | – | 26.525.6–27.8 | – | 23.322.3–24.5 |
| 2097 | – | 26.525.6–27.6 | – | 23.322.3–24.4 |
| 2098 | – | 26.725.7–27.7 | – | 23.522.3–24.6 |
| 2099 | – | 26.725.7–27.8 | – | 23.522.1–24.9 |
| 2100 | – | 26.625.8–27.7 | – | 23.422.4–24.7 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- The average air temperature near the ground, over the whole country and the whole year.
- Source: ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus, ECMWF) and CMIP6, via the World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal.
- The dashed line is the CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its models’ 10th–90th percentile.
- Climate model values are the median of the CMIP6 models, run on past emissions to 2014 and on SSP2-4.5, a middle-of-the-road path, after: they are not measurements.
- Ranks count the 233 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
India vs Pakistan
Health
- Life expectancyIndia: 72 years in 2023Pakistan: 67.7 years in 2023
- Child mortalityIndia: 2.7 per 100 live births in 2024Pakistan: 5.6 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityIndia: 22.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023Pakistan: 49.4 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionIndia: 3.53% in 2017Pakistan: 3.33% in 2017
- Suicide rateIndia: 15.6 per 100,000 people in 2017Pakistan: 4.4 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationIndia: 1.44 billion people in 2023Pakistan: 248 million people in 2023
- Population growthIndia: 0.89% a year in 2023Pakistan: 1.48% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateIndia: 1.98 births per woman in 2023Pakistan: 3.61 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationIndia: 35.7% in 2025Pakistan: 39.5% in 2025
- Median ageIndia: 28.1 years in 2023Pakistan: 20.3 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overIndia: 6.9% in 2023Pakistan: 4.2% in 2023
- Net migration rateIndia: -0.7 per 1,000 people in 2023Pakistan: -6.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingIndia: 2.3% of GDP in 2025Pakistan: 2.91% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsIndia: $93.3B in 2025Pakistan: $11.5B in 2025
- Military spending per personIndia: $63 in 2025Pakistan: $47 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingIndia: 8.2% of government spending in 2025Pakistan: 13.8% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelIndia: 3.07 million people in 2020Pakistan: 943,000 people in 2020
- National powerIndia: 9.94% of world capability in 2022Pakistan: 1.77% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersIndia: 0.58% of the labour force in 2020Pakistan: 1.25% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsIndia: 2.86 billion TIV in 2025Pakistan: 706 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsIndia: 81 million TIV in 2025Pakistan: 127 million TIV in 2025