Italy vs Romania
Italy vs Romania: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 137.1% of GDP in Italy and 60.5% of GDP in Romania, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Italy, by 76.6 percentage points, or 2.27 times that in Romania.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Italy has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2000.
- In 2025, Italy ranked 3 and Romania ranked 54 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Italy at 135.6% of GDP and Romania at 71.3% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Italy | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 137.1 | 60.5 |
| 2024 | 134.7 | 57.5 |
| 2023 | 133.9 | 52.6 |
| 2022 | 138.4 | 51.9 |
| 2021 | 145.8 | 51.8 |
| 2020 | 154.4 | 49.5 |
| 2019 | 133.9 | 36.8 |
| 2018 | 134.2 | 36.4 |
| 2017 | 133.7 | 37.1 |
| 2016 | 134.2 | 39.6 |
| 2015 | 134.8 | 39.4 |
| 2014 | 134.8 | 40.5 |
| 2013 | 131.9 | 39.3 |
| 2012 | 125.9 | 36.2 |
| 2011 | 119.1 | 32.6 |
| 2010 | 118.8 | 30.2 |
| 2009 | 116.1 | 22.5 |
| 2008 | 105.8 | 13 |
| 2007 | 103.5 | 12.4 |
| 2006 | 106.3 | 12.7 |
| 2005 | 106.2 | 17.8 |
| 2004 | 104.7 | 21.3 |
| 2003 | 105.1 | 24.9 |
| 2002 | 105.9 | 27.4 |
| 2001 | 108.5 | 27.4 |
| 2000 | 108.7 | 29.6 |
| 1999 | 113.1 | – |
| 1998 | 113.9 | – |
| 1997 | 116.5 | – |
| 1996 | 118.9 | – |
| 1995 | 119.1 | – |
| 1994 | 130.8 | – |
| 1993 | 124.1 | – |
| 1992 | 113 | – |
| 1991 | 105.3 | – |
| 1990 | 101.7 | – |
| 1989 | 98.4 | – |
| 1988 | 95.7 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Italy | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 137.9 | 62.6 |
| 2027 | 137.6 | 64.9 |
| 2028 | 137 | 66.1 |
| 2029 | 136.2 | 68.1 |
| 2030 | 135.8 | 69.8 |
| 2031 | 135.6 | 71.3 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Italy vs Romania
Health
- Life expectancyItaly: 83.7 years in 2023Romania: 75.9 years in 2023
- Child mortalityItaly: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024Romania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityItaly: 2.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023Romania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterItaly: 92.7% in 2022Romania: 82.1% in 2022
- DepressionItaly: 3.46% in 2017Romania: 2.36% in 2017
- Suicide rateItaly: 4.8 per 100,000 people in 2017Romania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationItaly: 59.5 million people in 2023Romania: 19.1 million people in 2023
- Population growthItaly: -0.22% a year in 2023Romania: -0.53% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateItaly: 1.2 births per woman in 2023Romania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationItaly: 69.7% in 2025Romania: 52.2% in 2025
- Median ageItaly: 47.5 years in 2023Romania: 42.6 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overItaly: 24.2% in 2023Romania: 19.8% in 2023
- Net migration rateItaly: 2.5 per 1,000 people in 2023Romania: -1.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingItaly: 1.89% of GDP in 2025Romania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsItaly: $45.4B in 2025Romania: $8.81B in 2025
- Military spending per personItaly: $813 in 2025Romania: $513 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingItaly: 3.7% of government spending in 2025Romania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelItaly: 338,000 people in 2020Romania: 128,000 people in 2020
- National powerItaly: 0.96% of world capability in 2022Romania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersItaly: 1.35% of the labour force in 2020Romania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsItaly: 566 million TIV in 2025Romania: 421 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsItaly: 1.92 billion TIV in 2025Romania: 132 million TIV in 2025