Moldova vs Romania
Moldova vs Romania: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 39.2% of GDP in Moldova and 60.5% of GDP in Romania, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Romania, by 21.3 percentage points, or 1.54 times that in Moldova.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Romania has been higher since 2017, when it overtook Moldova.
- In 2025, Moldova ranked 109 and Romania ranked 54 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Moldova at 49.2% of GDP and Romania at 71.3% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Moldova | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 39.2 | 60.5 |
| 2024 | 38.8 | 57.5 |
| 2023 | 35 | 52.6 |
| 2022 | 35 | 51.9 |
| 2021 | 33.6 | 51.8 |
| 2020 | 36.6 | 49.5 |
| 2019 | 28.8 | 36.8 |
| 2018 | 31.8 | 36.4 |
| 2017 | 34.9 | 37.1 |
| 2016 | 39.7 | 39.6 |
| 2015 | 42.1 | 39.4 |
| 2014 | 35.4 | 40.5 |
| 2013 | 30 | 39.3 |
| 2012 | 31.3 | 36.2 |
| 2011 | 24.2 | 32.6 |
| 2010 | 25.5 | 30.2 |
| 2009 | 32.6 | 22.5 |
| 2008 | 22.2 | 13 |
| 2007 | 28.3 | 12.4 |
| 2006 | 35 | 12.7 |
| 2005 | 40.4 | 17.8 |
| 2004 | 49.3 | 21.3 |
| 2003 | 68.1 | 24.9 |
| 2002 | 80.3 | 27.4 |
| 2001 | 85.4 | 27.4 |
| 2000 | 89.1 | 29.6 |
| 1999 | 150.7 | – |
| 1998 | 159.4 | – |
| 1997 | 89.1 | – |
| 1996 | 87.5 | – |
| 1995 | 79.5 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Moldova | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 41.8 | 62.6 |
| 2027 | 43.6 | 64.9 |
| 2028 | 46.1 | 66.1 |
| 2029 | 47.7 | 68.1 |
| 2030 | 48.6 | 69.8 |
| 2031 | 49.2 | 71.3 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Moldova vs Romania
Health
- Life expectancyMoldova: 71.2 years in 2023Romania: 75.9 years in 2023
- Child mortalityMoldova: 1.7 per 100 live births in 2024Romania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityMoldova: 11.7 per 1,000 live births in 2023Romania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterMoldova: 75.2% in 2022Romania: 82.1% in 2022
- DepressionMoldova: 3.43% in 2017Romania: 2.36% in 2017
- Suicide rateMoldova: 13.6 per 100,000 people in 2017Romania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationMoldova: 3.07 million people in 2023Romania: 19.1 million people in 2023
- Population growthMoldova: -0.89% a year in 2023Romania: -0.53% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateMoldova: 1.73 births per woman in 2023Romania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationMoldova: 43.7% in 2025Romania: 52.2% in 2025
- Median ageMoldova: 37.8 years in 2023Romania: 42.6 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overMoldova: 15.6% in 2023Romania: 19.8% in 2023
- Net migration rateMoldova: -6.1 per 1,000 people in 2023Romania: -1.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingMoldova: 0.56% of GDP in 2025Romania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsMoldova: $103M in 2025Romania: $8.81B in 2025
- Military spending per personMoldova: $38 in 2025Romania: $513 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingMoldova: 1.4% of government spending in 2025Romania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelMoldova: 6,000 people in 2020Romania: 128,000 people in 2020
- National powerMoldova: 0.02% of world capability in 2022Romania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersMoldova: 0.41% of the labour force in 2020Romania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsMoldova: 5 million TIV in 2025Romania: 421 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsMoldova: 12 million TIV in 2011Romania: 132 million TIV in 2025