Portugal vs Romania
Portugal vs Romania: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 89.7% of GDP in Portugal and 60.5% of GDP in Romania, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Portugal, by 29.2 percentage points, or 1.48 times that in Romania.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Portugal has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2000.
- In 2025, Portugal ranked 23 and Romania ranked 54 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Portugal at 72% of GDP and Romania at 71.3% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Portugal | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 89.7 | 60.5 |
| 2024 | 93.5 | 57.5 |
| 2023 | 96.9 | 52.6 |
| 2022 | 111.2 | 51.9 |
| 2021 | 123.9 | 51.8 |
| 2020 | 134.1 | 49.5 |
| 2019 | 116.1 | 36.8 |
| 2018 | 121.1 | 36.4 |
| 2017 | 126 | 37.1 |
| 2016 | 131.2 | 39.6 |
| 2015 | 131 | 39.4 |
| 2014 | 132.5 | 40.5 |
| 2013 | 130.8 | 39.3 |
| 2012 | 128.6 | 36.2 |
| 2011 | 114 | 32.6 |
| 2010 | 99.9 | 30.2 |
| 2009 | 87.6 | 22.5 |
| 2008 | 75.5 | 13 |
| 2007 | 72.7 | 12.4 |
| 2006 | 73.7 | 12.7 |
| 2005 | 72.2 | 17.8 |
| 2004 | 67.1 | 21.3 |
| 2003 | 63.9 | 24.9 |
| 2002 | 60 | 27.4 |
| 2001 | 57.4 | 27.4 |
| 2000 | 54.2 | 29.6 |
| 1999 | 55.4 | – |
| 1998 | 55.6 | – |
| 1997 | 58.2 | – |
| 1996 | 64.8 | – |
| 1995 | 63.5 | – |
| 1994 | 61.6 | – |
| 1993 | 58.4 | – |
| 1992 | 59.3 | – |
| 1991 | 65.2 | – |
| 1990 | 61.4 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Portugal | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 85.1 | 62.6 |
| 2027 | 81 | 64.9 |
| 2028 | 77.9 | 66.1 |
| 2029 | 75.3 | 68.1 |
| 2030 | 73.4 | 69.8 |
| 2031 | 72 | 71.3 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Portugal vs Romania
Health
- Life expectancyPortugal: 82.4 years in 2023Romania: 75.9 years in 2023
- Child mortalityPortugal: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024Romania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityPortugal: 2.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023Romania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterPortugal: 95.2% in 2022Romania: 82.1% in 2022
- DepressionPortugal: 4.42% in 2017Romania: 2.36% in 2017
- Suicide ratePortugal: 7.7 per 100,000 people in 2017Romania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationPortugal: 10.4 million people in 2023Romania: 19.1 million people in 2023
- Population growthPortugal: -0% a year in 2023Romania: -0.53% a year in 2023
- Fertility ratePortugal: 1.51 births per woman in 2023Romania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationPortugal: 61.5% in 2025Romania: 52.2% in 2025
- Median agePortugal: 46.2 years in 2023Romania: 42.6 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overPortugal: 24.1% in 2023Romania: 19.8% in 2023
- Net migration ratePortugal: 2.8 per 1,000 people in 2023Romania: -1.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingPortugal: 1.71% of GDP in 2025Romania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsPortugal: $5.51B in 2025Romania: $8.81B in 2025
- Military spending per personPortugal: $563 in 2025Romania: $513 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingPortugal: 4% of government spending in 2025Romania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelPortugal: 52,000 people in 2020Romania: 128,000 people in 2020
- National powerPortugal: 0.12% of world capability in 2022Romania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersPortugal: 1.01% of the labour force in 2020Romania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsPortugal: 90 million TIV in 2025Romania: 421 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsPortugal: 1 million TIV in 2025Romania: 132 million TIV in 2025