Portugal vs Romania
Portugal vs Romania: Net migration rate
Net migration rate in 2023: 2.8 per 1,000 people in Portugal and -1.5 per 1,000 people in Romania, by UN estimates. In 2023 the value was higher in Portugal, by 4.2 per 1,000 people.
per 1,000 people · UN
What the numbers say
- Portugal has been higher since 2015, when it overtook Romania.
- In 2023, Portugal ranked 57 and Romania ranked 165 of 229 countries, counting from the highest.
- The UN projection (medium variant) puts Portugal at 1.7 per 1,000 people and Romania at -1.2 per 1,000 people in 2100.
Every year
per 1,000 people · UN
| Year | Portugal | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2.8 | -1.5 |
| 2022 | 6.6 | 4.6 |
| 2021 | 6.7 | -0.9 |
| 2020 | 5.2 | -0.7 |
| 2019 | 6.1 | -1.4 |
| 2018 | 2.2 | -1.7 |
| 2017 | 1.4 | -1.7 |
| 2016 | -0.1 | -1.7 |
| 2015 | -0.3 | -1.8 |
| 2014 | -2.5 | -1.8 |
| 2013 | -3.5 | -1.7 |
| 2012 | -3.5 | -1.9 |
| 2011 | -3 | -5.1 |
| 2010 | -0.5 | -6 |
| 2009 | 1.4 | -6.7 |
| 2008 | 0.9 | -7 |
| 2007 | 2 | -6.4 |
| 2006 | 1.6 | -6.3 |
| 2005 | 1.5 | -6.2 |
| 2004 | 1.3 | -5.5 |
| 2003 | 2.4 | -5 |
| 2002 | 4.1 | -4.9 |
| 2001 | 5.4 | -4.2 |
| 2000 | 5.9 | -4.2 |
| 1999 | 4.9 | -3.7 |
| 1998 | 4 | -3.7 |
| 1997 | 3.7 | -4 |
| 1996 | 3.2 | -3.1 |
| 1995 | 2.7 | -3.3 |
| 1994 | 2.1 | -3.4 |
| 1993 | 0.9 | -3.2 |
| 1992 | -1.2 | -2.8 |
| 1991 | -3.8 | -1.6 |
| 1990 | -3.5 | -1.7 |
| 1989 | -3.1 | -1.5 |
| 1988 | -2.7 | -2.1 |
| 1987 | -2.3 | -1.9 |
| 1986 | -2 | -2.2 |
| 1985 | -1.9 | -1.2 |
| 1984 | -1.7 | -1.1 |
| 1983 | -1.7 | 0.1 |
| 1982 | -1.5 | -0.2 |
| 1981 | -0.8 | -0.9 |
| 1980 | 3.1 | -0.8 |
| 1979 | 3.4 | -1.3 |
| 1978 | 3.6 | -1.4 |
| 1977 | 4 | -1.3 |
| 1976 | 4.3 | 0.9 |
| 1975 | 4.6 | 0.4 |
| 1974 | 4.6 | 0.3 |
| 1973 | 4.4 | 2.8 |
| 1972 | 4.4 | 3 |
| 1971 | 5.6 | 3.7 |
| 1970 | -22.1 | 3.6 |
| 1969 | -18.4 | 3.8 |
| 1968 | -16.5 | 1.7 |
| 1967 | -15.4 | 2 |
| 1966 | -14.6 | -1.4 |
| 1965 | -13.9 | -3.2 |
| 1964 | -13.4 | -3.2 |
| 1963 | -13.1 | -3.1 |
| 1962 | -12.8 | -3 |
| 1961 | -12.7 | -3 |
| 1960 | -10.8 | -3 |
| 1959 | -8.5 | -3 |
| 1958 | -7.8 | -3 |
| 1957 | -7.5 | -2.9 |
| 1956 | -7.4 | -0.7 |
| 1955 | -7.1 | -2.4 |
| 1954 | -7.1 | -2.1 |
| 1953 | -7 | -1.7 |
| 1952 | -6.8 | -1.1 |
| 1951 | -6.8 | -0.1 |
| 1950 | -4.3 | 0.5 |
UN projection (medium variant) · 2024–2100
| Year | Portugal | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2-3.3–7 | -1.5-4.3–1 |
| 2025 | 1.6-4.2–7.6 | -1.5-5.1–1.8 |
| 2026 | 1.6-4.5–7.3 | -1.5-6–2.1 |
| 2027 | 1.6-4.6–7.9 | -1.5-6–2.8 |
| 2028 | 1.4-4.2–7.2 | -1.5-6.3–3.3 |
| 2029 | 1.6-4.5–7.3 | -1.5-6.5–3.6 |
| 2030 | 1.8-4.3–8.1 | -1.5-6.7–3.9 |
| 2031 | 1.7-4.3–7.8 | -1.5-7–4 |
| 2032 | 1.5-4.3–7.4 | -1.4-7.3–4.1 |
| 2033 | 1.6-4–7.6 | -1.5-7.3–4.3 |
| 2034 | 1.5-4.3–7.7 | -1.4-7.2–4.7 |
| 2035 | 1.6-4.5–7.8 | -1.5-7.7–4.3 |
| 2036 | 1.6-4.8–7.7 | -1.5-7.7–4.2 |
| 2037 | 1.7-4–8.2 | -1.5-7.9–4.7 |
| 2038 | 1.6-4.7–7.7 | -1.5-8.1–4.3 |
| 2039 | 1.5-4.2–7.2 | -1.4-8–4.4 |
| 2040 | 1.5-4.7–7.6 | -1.4-7.7–4.6 |
| 2041 | 1.8-4.4–7.6 | -1.5-8–4.9 |
| 2042 | 1.8-4.2–7.7 | -1.4-8–4.6 |
| 2043 | 1.6-4.4–7.9 | -1.4-8.1–5 |
| 2044 | 1.7-4.3–7.7 | -1.4-7.8–4.8 |
| 2045 | 1.6-4.1–7.8 | -1.4-7.7–4.9 |
| 2046 | 1.6-4.3–8 | -1.4-7.8–5.3 |
| 2047 | 1.7-4.7–8 | -1.5-7.9–5.1 |
| 2048 | 1.8-4.2–7.7 | -1.5-7.9–5.4 |
| 2049 | 1.6-4.3–7.5 | -1.4-7.9–5.2 |
| 2050 | 1.7-4.5–7.2 | -1.3-7.7–5.4 |
| 2051 | 1.8-4.4–8.1 | -1.4-7.7–5.2 |
| 2052 | 1.6-4.2–7.6 | -1.5-8–5.2 |
| 2053 | 1.6-4.2–7.2 | -1.3-8.3–5.4 |
| 2054 | 1.7-4.5–8.1 | -1.4-8.4–5.2 |
| 2055 | 1.6-4.5–8 | -1.5-8.2–5.1 |
| 2056 | 1.8-4.2–8.2 | -1.5-8–5.4 |
| 2057 | 1.8-3.9–8.2 | -1.4-8.5–5.2 |
| 2058 | 1.5-4.2–7.7 | -1.4-8.7–5.5 |
| 2059 | 1.7-4.4–8.1 | -1.4-8.6–5.3 |
| 2060 | 1.7-4–8.1 | -1.3-8.6–5.4 |
| 2061 | 1.9-3.9–8.3 | -1.4-8.5–5.2 |
| 2062 | 1.7-4.1–7.9 | -1.4-8.7–5.2 |
| 2063 | 1.7-4.6–7.3 | -1.4-8.7–5.1 |
| 2064 | 1.6-4.5–7.6 | -1.4-8.7–5.2 |
| 2065 | 1.8-4.5–8 | -1.5-8.8–5.4 |
| 2066 | 1.9-4.1–7.6 | -1.3-8.9–5.5 |
| 2067 | 1.9-3.7–7.8 | -1.3-8.6–5.6 |
| 2068 | 1.7-4.4–7.7 | -1.2-8.1–5.7 |
| 2069 | 1.8-4.4–8.1 | -1.3-8.3–5.8 |
| 2070 | 1.8-4.3–8.1 | -1.3-8.3–5.6 |
| 2071 | 1.8-4–8.2 | -1.3-8.3–6 |
| 2072 | 2-4.2–8.4 | -1.3-8.5–5.9 |
| 2073 | 1.7-4.2–8 | -1.2-8.8–5.9 |
| 2074 | 1.6-4.4–7.9 | -1.3-8.7–5.6 |
| 2075 | 1.8-4.3–7.9 | -1.3-8.9–5.9 |
| 2076 | 1.6-4.8–7.6 | -1.3-8.4–6.1 |
| 2077 | 1.8-4.1–7.8 | -1.3-8.3–5.9 |
| 2078 | 1.7-4.3–7.9 | -1.3-8.7–5.5 |
| 2079 | 1.7-4.5–8 | -1.3-8.2–5.7 |
| 2080 | 1.7-4.8–7.8 | -1.4-8.3–6.1 |
| 2081 | 1.6-4.3–8 | -1.3-8.5–6 |
| 2082 | 1.7-4.5–7.8 | -1.2-8.1–6.1 |
| 2083 | 1.8-4.2–7.9 | -1.2-8.4–6 |
| 2084 | 1.7-4.3–7.9 | -1.2-8.7–5.9 |
| 2085 | 1.8-4.4–8.1 | -1.1-8.8–6 |
| 2086 | 1.7-4.3–7.8 | -1.2-8.8–5.7 |
| 2087 | 1.5-5.3–7.8 | -1.1-8.6–5.6 |
| 2088 | 1.7-4.5–7.4 | -1.1-8.9–5.5 |
| 2089 | 1.7-4.4–7.8 | -1.2-8.8–5.4 |
| 2090 | 1.7-4.3–8 | -1.2-9–5.4 |
| 2091 | 1.7-4.5–7.8 | -1.1-8.8–5.7 |
| 2092 | 1.6-4.9–7.9 | -1.2-8.9–5.5 |
| 2093 | 1.7-4.4–7.7 | -1.2-9.3–5.4 |
| 2094 | 1.7-4.4–7.3 | -1.1-9–5.3 |
| 2095 | 1.4-5.1–7.6 | -1.1-9.1–5.6 |
| 2096 | 1.5-5–7.6 | -1.1-9–5.8 |
| 2097 | 1.6-4.6–8 | -1.1-8.9–5.7 |
| 2098 | 1.7-4.3–8 | -1.2-9.2–6.2 |
| 2099 | 1.6-4.7–7.8 | -1.2-9.5–5.6 |
| 2100 | 1.7-4.4–8 | -1.2-9.7–5.6 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- People moving in minus people moving out in a year, per 1,000 residents; below zero, more left than arrived.
- Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024.
- The dashed line is the UN projection (medium variant), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its 95% prediction interval.
- Ranks count the 229 countries with a value in 2023, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Portugal vs Romania
Health
- Life expectancyPortugal: 82.4 years in 2023Romania: 75.9 years in 2023
- Child mortalityPortugal: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024Romania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityPortugal: 2.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023Romania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterPortugal: 95.2% in 2022Romania: 82.1% in 2022
- DepressionPortugal: 4.42% in 2017Romania: 2.36% in 2017
- Suicide ratePortugal: 7.7 per 100,000 people in 2017Romania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationPortugal: 10.4 million people in 2023Romania: 19.1 million people in 2023
- Population growthPortugal: -0% a year in 2023Romania: -0.53% a year in 2023
- Fertility ratePortugal: 1.51 births per woman in 2023Romania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationPortugal: 61.5% in 2025Romania: 52.2% in 2025
- Median agePortugal: 46.2 years in 2023Romania: 42.6 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overPortugal: 24.1% in 2023Romania: 19.8% in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingPortugal: 1.71% of GDP in 2025Romania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsPortugal: $5.51B in 2025Romania: $8.81B in 2025
- Military spending per personPortugal: $563 in 2025Romania: $513 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingPortugal: 4% of government spending in 2025Romania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelPortugal: 52,000 people in 2020Romania: 128,000 people in 2020
- National powerPortugal: 0.12% of world capability in 2022Romania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersPortugal: 1.01% of the labour force in 2020Romania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsPortugal: 90 million TIV in 2025Romania: 421 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsPortugal: 1 million TIV in 2025Romania: 132 million TIV in 2025