Singapore vs South Africa
Singapore vs South Africa: Government debt
Government debt in 2024: 165.8% of GDP in Singapore and 76% of GDP in South Africa, by IMF estimates. In 2024 the value was higher in Singapore, by 89.8 percentage points, or 2.18 times that in South Africa.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Singapore has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2000.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Singapore at 169.2% of GDP and South Africa at 79.8% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Singapore | South Africa |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 165.8 | 76 |
| 2023 | 170.4 | 73.2 |
| 2022 | 153.3 | 70.7 |
| 2021 | 139.9 | 68.8 |
| 2020 | 147.1 | 68.9 |
| 2019 | 127.7 | 56.1 |
| 2018 | 109.2 | 51.5 |
| 2017 | 107.3 | 48.6 |
| 2016 | 105.9 | 47.1 |
| 2015 | 102.1 | 45.2 |
| 2014 | 97.8 | 43.3 |
| 2013 | 98.2 | 40.4 |
| 2012 | 106.7 | 37.4 |
| 2011 | 103.1 | 34.7 |
| 2010 | 98.7 | 31.2 |
| 2009 | 101.7 | 27 |
| 2008 | 97.9 | 24.1 |
| 2007 | 87.8 | 24.3 |
| 2006 | 86.5 | 28 |
| 2005 | 92.7 | 29.6 |
| 2004 | 95.7 | 30.7 |
| 2003 | 99.1 | 31.5 |
| 2002 | 96.3 | 31.8 |
| 2001 | 94.5 | 38.1 |
| 2000 | 82.3 | 37.9 |
| 1999 | 85.3 | – |
| 1998 | 84.7 | – |
| 1997 | 70.8 | – |
| 1996 | 71.3 | – |
| 1995 | 69.8 | – |
| 1994 | 70.7 | – |
| 1993 | 71.2 | – |
| 1992 | 79 | – |
| 1991 | 76.4 | – |
| 1990 | 73.5 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2025–2031
| Year | Singapore | South Africa |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 165.7 | 78.4 |
| 2026 | 166.4 | 78 |
| 2027 | 167.1 | 78.1 |
| 2028 | 167.9 | 78.8 |
| 2029 | 168.5 | 79.5 |
| 2030 | 169 | 79.7 |
| 2031 | 169.2 | 79.8 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Singapore vs South Africa
Health
- Life expectancySingapore: 83.7 years in 2023South Africa: 66.1 years in 2023
- Child mortalitySingapore: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024South Africa: 3.5 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalitySingapore: 1.7 per 1,000 live births in 2023South Africa: 27.9 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionSingapore: 3.44% in 2017South Africa: 3.75% in 2017
- Suicide rateSingapore: 7.3 per 100,000 people in 2017South Africa: 11.2 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationSingapore: 5.79 million people in 2023South Africa: 63.2 million people in 2023
- Population growthSingapore: 0.81% a year in 2023South Africa: 1.32% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateSingapore: 0.94 births per woman in 2023South Africa: 2.22 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationSingapore: 100% in 2025South Africa: 63.8% in 2025
- Median ageSingapore: 35.1 years in 2023South Africa: 28.2 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overSingapore: 13.1% in 2023South Africa: 6.5% in 2023
- Net migration rateSingapore: 4.7 per 1,000 people in 2023South Africa: 3.6 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingSingapore: 3.05% of GDP in 2025South Africa: 0.74% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsSingapore: $16.9B in 2025South Africa: $3B in 2025
- Military spending per personSingapore: $2,980 in 2025South Africa: $49 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingSingapore: 18% of government spending in 2025South Africa: 2.2% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelSingapore: 59,000 people in 2020South Africa: 89,000 people in 2020
- National powerSingapore: 0.25% of world capability in 2022South Africa: 0.55% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersSingapore: 1.72% of the labour force in 2020South Africa: 0.4% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsSingapore: 57 million TIV in 2025South Africa: 30 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsSingapore: 79 million TIV in 2025South Africa: 115 million TIV in 2025