Czechia vs Romania
Czechia vs Romania: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 44.2% of GDP in Czechia and 60.5% of GDP in Romania, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Romania, by 16.3 percentage points, or 1.37 times that in Czechia.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Romania has been higher since 2016, when it overtook Czechia.
- In 2025, Czechia ranked 94 and Romania ranked 54 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Czechia at 55.3% of GDP and Romania at 71.3% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Czechia | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 44.2 | 60.5 |
| 2024 | 43.2 | 57.5 |
| 2023 | 42.2 | 52.6 |
| 2022 | 42.5 | 51.9 |
| 2021 | 40.7 | 51.8 |
| 2020 | 36.9 | 49.5 |
| 2019 | 29.6 | 36.8 |
| 2018 | 31.7 | 36.4 |
| 2017 | 33.8 | 37.1 |
| 2016 | 36.2 | 39.6 |
| 2015 | 39.5 | 39.4 |
| 2014 | 41.6 | 40.5 |
| 2013 | 44.1 | 39.3 |
| 2012 | 43.8 | 36.2 |
| 2011 | 39.4 | 32.6 |
| 2010 | 36.7 | 30.2 |
| 2009 | 33.4 | 22.5 |
| 2008 | 28.2 | 13 |
| 2007 | 27.4 | 12.4 |
| 2006 | 27.6 | 12.7 |
| 2005 | 27.7 | 17.8 |
| 2004 | 28.3 | 21.3 |
| 2003 | 28.1 | 24.9 |
| 2002 | 25.7 | 27.4 |
| 2001 | 22.6 | 27.4 |
| 2000 | 16.9 | 29.6 |
| 1999 | 15.1 | – |
| 1998 | 13.9 | – |
| 1997 | 12.1 | – |
| 1996 | 11.5 | – |
| 1995 | 13.5 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Czechia | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 45.8 | 62.6 |
| 2027 | 47.4 | 64.9 |
| 2028 | 49 | 66.1 |
| 2029 | 50.9 | 68.1 |
| 2030 | 53 | 69.8 |
| 2031 | 55.3 | 71.3 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Czechia vs Romania
Health
- Life expectancyCzechia: 79.8 years in 2023Romania: 75.9 years in 2023
- Child mortalityCzechia: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024Romania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityCzechia: 2.2 per 1,000 live births in 2023Romania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterCzechia: 97.9% in 2022Romania: 82.1% in 2022
- DepressionCzechia: 2.68% in 2017Romania: 2.36% in 2017
- Suicide rateCzechia: 10.8 per 100,000 people in 2017Romania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationCzechia: 10.8 million people in 2023Romania: 19.1 million people in 2023
- Population growthCzechia: -0.34% a year in 2023Romania: -0.53% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateCzechia: 1.45 births per woman in 2023Romania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationCzechia: 72.9% in 2025Romania: 52.2% in 2025
- Median ageCzechia: 42.7 years in 2023Romania: 42.6 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overCzechia: 20.6% in 2023Romania: 19.8% in 2023
- Net migration rateCzechia: -1.4 per 1,000 people in 2023Romania: -1.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingCzechia: 1.84% of GDP in 2025Romania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsCzechia: $6.49B in 2025Romania: $8.81B in 2025
- Military spending per personCzechia: $660 in 2025Romania: $513 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingCzechia: 4.2% of government spending in 2025Romania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelCzechia: 27,000 people in 2020Romania: 128,000 people in 2020
- National powerCzechia: 0.16% of world capability in 2022Romania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersCzechia: 0.51% of the labour force in 2020Romania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsCzechia: 19 million TIV in 2025Romania: 421 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsCzechia: 137 million TIV in 2025Romania: 132 million TIV in 2025