Greece vs Romania
Greece vs Romania: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 146.6% of GDP in Greece and 60.5% of GDP in Romania, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Greece, by 86.1 percentage points, or 2.43 times that in Romania.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Greece has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2000.
- In 2025, Greece ranked 2 and Romania ranked 54 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Greece at 111.1% of GDP and Romania at 71.3% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Greece | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 146.6 | 60.5 |
| 2024 | 155.4 | 57.5 |
| 2023 | 165.5 | 52.6 |
| 2022 | 179.2 | 51.9 |
| 2021 | 197.8 | 51.8 |
| 2020 | 209.9 | 49.5 |
| 2019 | 183.7 | 36.8 |
| 2018 | 189.6 | 36.4 |
| 2017 | 182.6 | 37.1 |
| 2016 | 183.7 | 39.6 |
| 2015 | 180 | 39.4 |
| 2014 | 182.8 | 40.5 |
| 2013 | 180.5 | 39.3 |
| 2012 | 164.3 | 36.2 |
| 2011 | 175.1 | 32.6 |
| 2010 | 147.8 | 30.2 |
| 2009 | 128.5 | 22.5 |
| 2008 | 110.9 | 13 |
| 2007 | 104.6 | 12.4 |
| 2006 | 105.3 | 12.7 |
| 2005 | 109.9 | 17.8 |
| 2004 | 105.5 | 21.3 |
| 2003 | 104.3 | 24.9 |
| 2002 | 107.9 | 27.4 |
| 2001 | 110.5 | 27.4 |
| 2000 | 108.9 | 29.6 |
| 1999 | 102.8 | – |
| 1998 | 100.8 | – |
| 1997 | 102.6 | – |
| 1996 | 103.7 | – |
| 1995 | 100.4 | – |
| 1994 | 99.7 | – |
| 1993 | 101.7 | – |
| 1992 | 81.1 | – |
| 1991 | 75.7 | – |
| 1990 | 74.2 | – |
| 1989 | 60.7 | – |
| 1988 | 57.9 | – |
| 1987 | 53.2 | – |
| 1986 | 47.8 | – |
| 1985 | 47.3 | – |
| 1984 | 40.6 | – |
| 1983 | 34.1 | – |
| 1982 | 29.7 | – |
| 1981 | 27.1 | – |
| 1980 | 22.8 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Greece | Romania |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 136 | 62.6 |
| 2027 | 128.7 | 64.9 |
| 2028 | 124.1 | 66.1 |
| 2029 | 119.9 | 68.1 |
| 2030 | 115.3 | 69.8 |
| 2031 | 111.1 | 71.3 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Greece vs Romania
Health
- Life expectancyGreece: 81.9 years in 2023Romania: 75.9 years in 2023
- Child mortalityGreece: 0.4 per 100 live births in 2024Romania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityGreece: 3.3 per 1,000 live births in 2023Romania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterGreece: 98.9% in 2022Romania: 82.1% in 2022
- DepressionGreece: 4.19% in 2017Romania: 2.36% in 2017
- Suicide rateGreece: 3.5 per 100,000 people in 2017Romania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationGreece: 10.2 million people in 2023Romania: 19.1 million people in 2023
- Population growthGreece: -2.08% a year in 2023Romania: -0.53% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateGreece: 1.33 births per woman in 2023Romania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationGreece: 79.2% in 2025Romania: 52.2% in 2025
- Median ageGreece: 45.8 years in 2023Romania: 42.6 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overGreece: 23.5% in 2023Romania: 19.8% in 2023
- Net migration rateGreece: -15.6 per 1,000 people in 2023Romania: -1.5 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingGreece: 2.99% of GDP in 2025Romania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsGreece: $7.81B in 2025Romania: $8.81B in 2025
- Military spending per personGreece: $842 in 2025Romania: $513 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingGreece: 6% of government spending in 2025Romania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelGreece: 147,000 people in 2020Romania: 128,000 people in 2020
- National powerGreece: 0.26% of world capability in 2022Romania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersGreece: 3.2% of the labour force in 2020Romania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsGreece: 574 million TIV in 2025Romania: 421 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsGreece: 2 million TIV in 2025Romania: 132 million TIV in 2025