Madagascar vs Rwanda
Madagascar vs Rwanda: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 47.8% of GDP in Madagascar and 64.7% of GDP in Rwanda, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Rwanda, by 16.9 percentage points, or 1.35 times that in Madagascar.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Rwanda has been higher since 2016, when it overtook Madagascar.
- In 2025, Madagascar ranked 85 and Rwanda ranked 48 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Madagascar at 49.7% of GDP and Rwanda at 59.9% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Madagascar | Rwanda |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 47.8 | 64.7 |
| 2024 | 49.8 | 63.4 |
| 2023 | 52.2 | 61.6 |
| 2022 | 49.8 | 59 |
| 2021 | 49.4 | 66.2 |
| 2020 | 52.9 | 66.7 |
| 2019 | 41.3 | 52.8 |
| 2018 | 42.9 | 49.2 |
| 2017 | 40.1 | 46.1 |
| 2016 | 40.3 | 41.5 |
| 2015 | 44.1 | 33.5 |
| 2014 | 37.9 | 29.5 |
| 2013 | 36.2 | 27 |
| 2012 | 30.4 | 19.3 |
| 2011 | 30 | 18.9 |
| 2010 | 32.3 | 19 |
| 2009 | 34.9 | 18.7 |
| 2008 | 31 | 18.5 |
| 2007 | 28.2 | 22.4 |
| 2006 | 32.2 | 22.8 |
| 2005 | 74.4 | 58.9 |
| 2004 | 81.9 | 80.9 |
| 2003 | 85.9 | 79.5 |
| 2002 | 86.7 | 92 |
| 2001 | 82.1 | 84 |
| 2000 | 90.2 | 86 |
| 1999 | 104.1 | 78.4 |
| 1998 | 108.5 | 70.1 |
| 1997 | 89.7 | 72.2 |
| 1996 | 98.7 | 83.5 |
| 1995 | 95.8 | 100.8 |
| 1994 | 96 | – |
| 1993 | 105.2 | – |
| 1992 | 110.9 | – |
| 1991 | 113.8 | – |
| 1990 | 92.7 | – |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Madagascar | Rwanda |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 49.8 | 63.4 |
| 2027 | 50.6 | 63.4 |
| 2028 | 50.9 | 63.4 |
| 2029 | 50.9 | 62 |
| 2030 | 49.9 | 61 |
| 2031 | 49.7 | 59.9 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Madagascar vs Rwanda
Health
- Life expectancyMadagascar: 63.6 years in 2023Rwanda: 67.8 years in 2023
- Child mortalityMadagascar: 6.2 per 100 live births in 2024Rwanda: 3.8 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityMadagascar: 45 per 1,000 live births in 2023Rwanda: 27.5 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- DepressionMadagascar: 3.71% in 2017Rwanda: 3.87% in 2017
- Suicide rateMadagascar: 11 per 100,000 people in 2017Rwanda: 11 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationMadagascar: 31.2 million people in 2023Rwanda: 14 million people in 2023
- Population growthMadagascar: 2.45% a year in 2023Rwanda: 2.18% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateMadagascar: 3.97 births per woman in 2023Rwanda: 3.7 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationMadagascar: 32.9% in 2025Rwanda: 30.9% in 2025
- Median ageMadagascar: 18.9 years in 2023Rwanda: 19.4 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overMadagascar: 3.3% in 2023Rwanda: 3.8% in 2023
- Net migration rateMadagascar: -0 per 1,000 people in 2023Rwanda: -0.6 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingMadagascar: 0.62% of GDP in 2025Rwanda: 1.29% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsMadagascar: $111M in 2025Rwanda: $194M in 2025
- Military spending per personMadagascar: $4 in 2025Rwanda: $13 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingMadagascar: 3.8% of government spending in 2025Rwanda: 4.7% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelMadagascar: 22,000 people in 2020Rwanda: 35,000 people in 2020
- National powerMadagascar: 0.11% of world capability in 2022Rwanda: 0.07% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersMadagascar: 0.15% of the labour force in 2020Rwanda: 0.7% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsMadagascar: 3 million TIV in 2025Rwanda: 37 million TIV in 2023