Romania vs Russia
Romania vs Russia: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 60.5% of GDP in Romania and 16.6% of GDP in Russia, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Romania, by 43.9 percentage points, or 3.64 times that in Russia.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Romania has been higher since 2004, when it overtook Russia.
- In 2025, Romania ranked 54 and Russia ranked 144 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Romania at 71.3% of GDP and Russia at 30.7% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Romania | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 60.5 | 16.6 |
| 2024 | 57.5 | 14.8 |
| 2023 | 52.6 | 15.2 |
| 2022 | 51.9 | 15.1 |
| 2021 | 51.8 | 16.5 |
| 2020 | 49.5 | 19.2 |
| 2019 | 36.8 | 13.8 |
| 2018 | 36.4 | 13.6 |
| 2017 | 37.1 | 14.3 |
| 2016 | 39.6 | 14.9 |
| 2015 | 39.4 | 15.3 |
| 2014 | 40.5 | 15.1 |
| 2013 | 39.3 | 12.4 |
| 2012 | 36.2 | 11.2 |
| 2011 | 32.6 | 10.3 |
| 2010 | 30.2 | 10.1 |
| 2009 | 22.5 | 9.9 |
| 2008 | 13 | 7.4 |
| 2007 | 12.4 | 8 |
| 2006 | 12.7 | 9.8 |
| 2005 | 17.8 | 14.9 |
| 2004 | 21.3 | 20.8 |
| 2003 | 24.9 | 28.3 |
| 2002 | 27.4 | 37.6 |
| 2001 | 27.4 | 44.4 |
| 2000 | 29.6 | 55.9 |
| 1999 | – | 92.4 |
| 1998 | – | 135.2 |
| 1997 | – | 51.5 |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Romania | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 62.6 | 19.3 |
| 2027 | 64.9 | 22.2 |
| 2028 | 66.1 | 24.8 |
| 2029 | 68.1 | 27.2 |
| 2030 | 69.8 | 29.1 |
| 2031 | 71.3 | 30.7 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Romania vs Russia
Health
- Life expectancyRomania: 75.9 years in 2023Russia: 73.2 years in 2023
- Child mortalityRomania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024Russia: 0.5 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityRomania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023Russia: 3.5 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterRomania: 82.1% in 2022Russia: 76.2% in 2022
- DepressionRomania: 2.36% in 2017Russia: 3.71% in 2017
- Suicide rateRomania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017Russia: 25.1 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationRomania: 19.1 million people in 2023Russia: 145 million people in 2023
- Population growthRomania: -0.53% a year in 2023Russia: -0.32% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateRomania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023Russia: 1.45 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationRomania: 52.2% in 2025Russia: 75.3% in 2025
- Median ageRomania: 42.6 years in 2023Russia: 39.5 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overRomania: 19.8% in 2023Russia: 16.6% in 2023
- Net migration rateRomania: -1.5 per 1,000 people in 2023Russia: 0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingRomania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025Russia: 7.5% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsRomania: $8.81B in 2025Russia: $158B in 2025
- Military spending per personRomania: $513 in 2025Russia: $1,318 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingRomania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025Russia: 19.8% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelRomania: 128,000 people in 2020Russia: 1.45 million people in 2020
- National powerRomania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022Russia: 3.82% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersRomania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020Russia: 1.98% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsRomania: 421 million TIV in 2025Russia: 129 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsRomania: 132 million TIV in 2025Russia: 1.94 billion TIV in 2025