Romania vs Russia
Romania vs Russia: Net migration rate
Net migration rate in 2023: -1.5 per 1,000 people in Romania and 0.2 per 1,000 people in Russia, by UN estimates. In 2023 the value was higher in Russia, by 1.6 per 1,000 people.
per 1,000 people · UN
What the numbers say
- Russia has been higher since 1993, when it overtook Romania.
- In 2023, Romania ranked 165 and Russia ranked 94 of 229 countries, counting from the highest.
- The UN projection (medium variant) puts Romania at -1.2 per 1,000 people and Russia at 2.2 per 1,000 people in 2100.
Every year
per 1,000 people · UN
| Year | Romania | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | -1.5 | 0.2 |
| 2022 | 4.6 | 5.3 |
| 2021 | -0.9 | 2.2 |
| 2020 | -0.7 | 2.3 |
| 2019 | -1.4 | 2.3 |
| 2018 | -1.7 | 2.3 |
| 2017 | -1.7 | 2.7 |
| 2016 | -1.7 | 3.1 |
| 2015 | -1.8 | 2.6 |
| 2014 | -1.8 | 1.8 |
| 2013 | -1.7 | 2 |
| 2012 | -1.9 | 2 |
| 2011 | -5.1 | 2.1 |
| 2010 | -6 | 2.1 |
| 2009 | -6.7 | 2.4 |
| 2008 | -7 | 2.5 |
| 2007 | -6.4 | 2.5 |
| 2006 | -6.3 | 2.1 |
| 2005 | -6.2 | 1.8 |
| 2004 | -5.5 | 1.8 |
| 2003 | -5 | 1.8 |
| 2002 | -4.9 | 9.3 |
| 2001 | -4.2 | 1.8 |
| 2000 | -4.2 | 3.8 |
| 1999 | -3.7 | 2.6 |
| 1998 | -3.7 | 3.6 |
| 1997 | -4 | 3.7 |
| 1996 | -3.1 | 4 |
| 1995 | -3.3 | 4.9 |
| 1994 | -3.4 | 8.6 |
| 1993 | -3.2 | 3.4 |
| 1992 | -2.8 | -7.6 |
| 1991 | -1.6 | 0.8 |
| 1990 | -1.7 | 2 |
| 1989 | -1.5 | 0.6 |
| 1988 | -2.1 | 1.8 |
| 1987 | -1.9 | 1.9 |
| 1986 | -2.2 | 2 |
| 1985 | -1.2 | 2 |
| 1984 | -1.1 | 1.7 |
| 1983 | 0.1 | 1.4 |
| 1982 | -0.2 | 0.8 |
| 1981 | -0.9 | 0.3 |
| 1980 | -0.8 | 0.1 |
| 1979 | -1.3 | -0 |
| 1978 | -1.4 | 0.8 |
| 1977 | -1.3 | 0.9 |
| 1976 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| 1975 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
| 1974 | 0.3 | -0.4 |
| 1973 | 2.8 | -0.8 |
| 1972 | 3 | -0.8 |
| 1971 | 3.7 | -1 |
| 1970 | 3.6 | -2 |
| 1969 | 3.8 | -0.5 |
| 1968 | 1.7 | -0.6 |
| 1967 | 2 | -0.9 |
| 1966 | -1.4 | -0.9 |
| 1965 | -3.2 | -1.1 |
| 1964 | -3.2 | -1.2 |
| 1963 | -3.1 | -1.4 |
| 1962 | -3 | -1.4 |
| 1961 | -3 | -1.7 |
| 1960 | -3 | -2 |
| 1959 | -3 | -3.4 |
| 1958 | -3 | -1.3 |
| 1957 | -2.9 | -0.6 |
| 1956 | -0.7 | -1.6 |
| 1955 | -2.4 | -0.9 |
| 1954 | -2.1 | -0.6 |
| 1953 | -1.7 | -1.3 |
| 1952 | -1.1 | -1.2 |
| 1951 | -0.1 | -0.8 |
| 1950 | 0.5 | -0.7 |
UN projection (medium variant) · 2024–2100
| Year | Romania | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | -1.5-4.3–1 | -1.2-6–5.7 |
| 2025 | -1.5-5.1–1.8 | -1.7-6.7–6.1 |
| 2026 | -1.5-6–2.1 | 2.3-2.4–6.8 |
| 2027 | -1.5-6–2.8 | 2.1-2.5–6.8 |
| 2028 | -1.5-6.3–3.3 | 2.2-2.5–6.6 |
| 2029 | -1.5-6.5–3.6 | 2.2-2.7–7 |
| 2030 | -1.5-6.7–3.9 | 2.2-2.7–7 |
| 2031 | -1.5-7–4 | 2-3–6.6 |
| 2032 | -1.4-7.3–4.1 | 2.2-2.5–7 |
| 2033 | -1.5-7.3–4.3 | 2.2-2.7–7.3 |
| 2034 | -1.4-7.2–4.7 | 2.2-2.5–6.9 |
| 2035 | -1.5-7.7–4.3 | 2.3-2.3–7.1 |
| 2036 | -1.5-7.7–4.2 | 2.2-2.7–7.5 |
| 2037 | -1.5-7.9–4.7 | 2.2-2.4–7.3 |
| 2038 | -1.5-8.1–4.3 | 2.2-2.6–7.2 |
| 2039 | -1.4-8–4.4 | 2.2-2.4–7.4 |
| 2040 | -1.4-7.7–4.6 | 2.3-2.5–7.6 |
| 2041 | -1.5-8–4.9 | 2.3-2.5–7.5 |
| 2042 | -1.4-8–4.6 | 2.4-2.3–7.3 |
| 2043 | -1.4-8.1–5 | 2.3-2.3–7.3 |
| 2044 | -1.4-7.8–4.8 | 2.4-2.2–7.6 |
| 2045 | -1.4-7.7–4.9 | 2.5-2.2–7.1 |
| 2046 | -1.4-7.8–5.3 | 2.6-2.2–7.6 |
| 2047 | -1.5-7.9–5.1 | 2.5-2.2–7.5 |
| 2048 | -1.5-7.9–5.4 | 2.4-2.3–7.1 |
| 2049 | -1.4-7.9–5.2 | 2.4-2.5–7.6 |
| 2050 | -1.3-7.7–5.4 | 2.4-2.2–7.3 |
| 2051 | -1.4-7.7–5.2 | 2.4-2.5–7.2 |
| 2052 | -1.5-8–5.2 | 2.5-2.5–7.4 |
| 2053 | -1.3-8.3–5.4 | 2.2-2.7–7.2 |
| 2054 | -1.4-8.4–5.2 | 2.3-2.6–7.2 |
| 2055 | -1.5-8.2–5.1 | 2.2-2.5–7.4 |
| 2056 | -1.5-8–5.4 | 2.3-2.5–7.2 |
| 2057 | -1.4-8.5–5.2 | 2.4-2.3–7.3 |
| 2058 | -1.4-8.7–5.5 | 2.3-2.3–7.3 |
| 2059 | -1.4-8.6–5.3 | 2.3-2.4–7.2 |
| 2060 | -1.3-8.6–5.4 | 2.6-2.2–7.6 |
| 2061 | -1.4-8.5–5.2 | 2.4-2.8–7.5 |
| 2062 | -1.4-8.7–5.2 | 2.5-2.2–7.5 |
| 2063 | -1.4-8.7–5.1 | 2.3-2.6–7.3 |
| 2064 | -1.4-8.7–5.2 | 2.4-2.7–7.5 |
| 2065 | -1.5-8.8–5.4 | 2.3-2.6–7.2 |
| 2066 | -1.3-8.9–5.5 | 2.4-2.4–7.5 |
| 2067 | -1.3-8.6–5.6 | 2.5-2.1–8 |
| 2068 | -1.2-8.1–5.7 | 2.5-2.5–7.3 |
| 2069 | -1.3-8.3–5.8 | 2.3-2.4–7.3 |
| 2070 | -1.3-8.3–5.6 | 2.3-2.5–7.2 |
| 2071 | -1.3-8.3–6 | 2.1-2.4–7.3 |
| 2072 | -1.3-8.5–5.9 | 2.4-2.5–7.6 |
| 2073 | -1.2-8.8–5.9 | 2.3-2.2–7.4 |
| 2074 | -1.3-8.7–5.6 | 2.3-2.4–7.2 |
| 2075 | -1.3-8.9–5.9 | 2.4-2.6–7.1 |
| 2076 | -1.3-8.4–6.1 | 2.5-2.7–7.2 |
| 2077 | -1.3-8.3–5.9 | 2.3-2.8–7.3 |
| 2078 | -1.3-8.7–5.5 | 2.3-2.4–7.6 |
| 2079 | -1.3-8.2–5.7 | 2.4-2.3–7.4 |
| 2080 | -1.4-8.3–6.1 | 2.5-2.5–7.4 |
| 2081 | -1.3-8.5–6 | 2.5-2.1–7.8 |
| 2082 | -1.2-8.1–6.1 | 2.4-2.5–7.4 |
| 2083 | -1.2-8.4–6 | 2.4-2.4–7.5 |
| 2084 | -1.2-8.7–5.9 | 2.3-2.7–7.4 |
| 2085 | -1.1-8.8–6 | 2.2-2.8–7.3 |
| 2086 | -1.2-8.8–5.7 | 2.2-2.6–7.5 |
| 2087 | -1.1-8.6–5.6 | 2.3-2.6–7.5 |
| 2088 | -1.1-8.9–5.5 | 2.3-2.6–7.9 |
| 2089 | -1.2-8.8–5.4 | 2.2-2.9–7.1 |
| 2090 | -1.2-9–5.4 | 2.2-2.8–7.4 |
| 2091 | -1.1-8.8–5.7 | 2.3-2.6–7.3 |
| 2092 | -1.2-8.9–5.5 | 2.1-2.4–7.1 |
| 2093 | -1.2-9.3–5.4 | 2.3-2.6–7.4 |
| 2094 | -1.1-9–5.3 | 2.3-2.3–7.4 |
| 2095 | -1.1-9.1–5.6 | 2.2-2.8–7.5 |
| 2096 | -1.1-9–5.8 | 2.1-2.5–7.4 |
| 2097 | -1.1-8.9–5.7 | 2.3-2.7–7.4 |
| 2098 | -1.2-9.2–6.2 | 2.1-2.9–7.2 |
| 2099 | -1.2-9.5–5.6 | 2.1-2.5–7.1 |
| 2100 | -1.2-9.7–5.6 | 2.2-3–7.2 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- People moving in minus people moving out in a year, per 1,000 residents; below zero, more left than arrived.
- Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024.
- The dashed line is the UN projection (medium variant), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its 95% prediction interval.
- Ranks count the 229 countries with a value in 2023, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Romania vs Russia
Health
- Life expectancyRomania: 75.9 years in 2023Russia: 73.2 years in 2023
- Child mortalityRomania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024Russia: 0.5 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityRomania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023Russia: 3.5 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterRomania: 82.1% in 2022Russia: 76.2% in 2022
- DepressionRomania: 2.36% in 2017Russia: 3.71% in 2017
- Suicide rateRomania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017Russia: 25.1 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationRomania: 19.1 million people in 2023Russia: 145 million people in 2023
- Population growthRomania: -0.53% a year in 2023Russia: -0.32% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateRomania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023Russia: 1.45 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationRomania: 52.2% in 2025Russia: 75.3% in 2025
- Median ageRomania: 42.6 years in 2023Russia: 39.5 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overRomania: 19.8% in 2023Russia: 16.6% in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingRomania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025Russia: 7.5% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsRomania: $8.81B in 2025Russia: $158B in 2025
- Military spending per personRomania: $513 in 2025Russia: $1,318 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingRomania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025Russia: 19.8% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelRomania: 128,000 people in 2020Russia: 1.45 million people in 2020
- National powerRomania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022Russia: 3.82% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersRomania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020Russia: 1.98% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsRomania: 421 million TIV in 2025Russia: 129 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsRomania: 132 million TIV in 2025Russia: 1.94 billion TIV in 2025