Mongolia vs Russia
Mongolia vs Russia: Government debt
Government debt in 2025: 45% of GDP in Mongolia and 16.6% of GDP in Russia, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Mongolia, by 28.4 percentage points, or 2.71 times that in Russia.
% of GDP · IMF
What the numbers say
- Mongolia has been higher in every year both have figures for since 2006.
- In 2025, Mongolia ranked 91 and Russia ranked 144 of 149 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Mongolia at 61.7% of GDP and Russia at 30.7% of GDP in 2031.
Every year
% of GDP · IMF
| Year | Mongolia | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 45 | 16.6 |
| 2024 | 44.1 | 14.8 |
| 2023 | 46.7 | 15.2 |
| 2022 | 64.5 | 15.1 |
| 2021 | 67.3 | 16.5 |
| 2020 | 83.4 | 19.2 |
| 2019 | 66.8 | 13.8 |
| 2018 | 76.5 | 13.6 |
| 2017 | 86.9 | 14.3 |
| 2016 | 78.7 | 14.9 |
| 2015 | 50.6 | 15.3 |
| 2014 | 44 | 15.1 |
| 2013 | 49.4 | 12.4 |
| 2012 | 43.7 | 11.2 |
| 2011 | 32.7 | 10.3 |
| 2010 | 31 | 10.1 |
| 2009 | 48.5 | 9.9 |
| 2008 | 31 | 7.4 |
| 2007 | 36.1 | 8 |
| 2006 | 40.9 | 9.8 |
| 2005 | – | 14.9 |
| 2004 | – | 20.8 |
| 2003 | – | 28.3 |
| 2002 | – | 37.6 |
| 2001 | – | 44.4 |
| 2000 | – | 55.9 |
| 1999 | – | 92.4 |
| 1998 | – | 135.2 |
| 1997 | – | 51.5 |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Mongolia | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 44.1 | 19.3 |
| 2027 | 48.3 | 22.2 |
| 2028 | 53.6 | 24.8 |
| 2029 | 56.5 | 27.2 |
| 2030 | 59.5 | 29.1 |
| 2031 | 61.7 | 30.7 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- What the government owes, as a share of the economy’s yearly output.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 149 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Mongolia vs Russia
Health
- Life expectancyMongolia: 71.7 years in 2023Russia: 73.2 years in 2023
- Child mortalityMongolia: 1.3 per 100 live births in 2024Russia: 0.5 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityMongolia: 10.6 per 1,000 live births in 2023Russia: 3.5 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterMongolia: 39.3% in 2022Russia: 76.2% in 2022
- DepressionMongolia: 3.53% in 2017Russia: 3.71% in 2017
- Suicide rateMongolia: 15.4 per 100,000 people in 2017Russia: 25.1 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationMongolia: 3.43 million people in 2023Russia: 145 million people in 2023
- Population growthMongolia: 1.3% a year in 2023Russia: -0.32% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateMongolia: 2.69 births per woman in 2023Russia: 1.45 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationMongolia: 71.2% in 2025Russia: 75.3% in 2025
- Median ageMongolia: 26.8 years in 2023Russia: 39.5 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overMongolia: 4.9% in 2023Russia: 16.6% in 2023
- Net migration rateMongolia: 0 per 1,000 people in 2023Russia: 0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingMongolia: 0.88% of GDP in 2025Russia: 7.5% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsMongolia: $214M in 2025Russia: $158B in 2025
- Military spending per personMongolia: $63 in 2025Russia: $1,318 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingMongolia: 2.5% of government spending in 2025Russia: 19.8% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelMongolia: 18,000 people in 2020Russia: 1.45 million people in 2020
- National powerMongolia: 0.03% of world capability in 2022Russia: 3.82% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersMongolia: 1.27% of the labour force in 2020Russia: 1.98% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsMongolia: 3 million TIV in 2022Russia: 129 million TIV in 2025