Romania vs Spain
Romania vs Spain: Net migration rate
Net migration rate in 2023: -1.5 per 1,000 people in Romania and 2.5 per 1,000 people in Spain, by UN estimates. In 2023 the value was higher in Spain, by 3.9 per 1,000 people.
per 1,000 people · UN
What the numbers say
- Spain has been higher since 2015, when it overtook Romania.
- In 2023, Romania ranked 165 and Spain ranked 64 of 229 countries, counting from the highest.
- The UN projection (medium variant) puts Romania at -1.2 per 1,000 people and Spain at 0.9 per 1,000 people in 2100.
Every year
per 1,000 people · UN
| Year | Romania | Spain |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | -1.5 | 2.5 |
| 2022 | 4.6 | 6.3 |
| 2021 | -0.9 | 3 |
| 2020 | -0.7 | 5 |
| 2019 | -1.4 | 9.8 |
| 2018 | -1.7 | 7.2 |
| 2017 | -1.7 | 4.3 |
| 2016 | -1.7 | 2.3 |
| 2015 | -1.8 | -0 |
| 2014 | -1.8 | -2.1 |
| 2013 | -1.7 | -5.4 |
| 2012 | -1.9 | -3.3 |
| 2011 | -5.1 | 1.3 |
| 2010 | -6 | 1.5 |
| 2009 | -6.7 | 2.8 |
| 2008 | -7 | 9.4 |
| 2007 | -6.4 | 17 |
| 2006 | -6.3 | 14.8 |
| 2005 | -6.2 | 14.3 |
| 2004 | -5.5 | 15.3 |
| 2003 | -5 | 15.5 |
| 2002 | -4.9 | 17.7 |
| 2001 | -4.2 | 4.4 |
| 2000 | -4.2 | 4.3 |
| 1999 | -3.7 | 4.4 |
| 1998 | -3.7 | 4.5 |
| 1997 | -4 | 4.1 |
| 1996 | -3.1 | 4 |
| 1995 | -3.3 | 4.1 |
| 1994 | -3.4 | 4 |
| 1993 | -3.2 | 4.1 |
| 1992 | -2.8 | 4.5 |
| 1991 | -1.6 | 3.1 |
| 1990 | -1.7 | -0.8 |
| 1989 | -1.5 | -0.7 |
| 1988 | -2.1 | -0.5 |
| 1987 | -1.9 | -0.3 |
| 1986 | -2.2 | -0.4 |
| 1985 | -1.2 | -0 |
| 1984 | -1.1 | 0.1 |
| 1983 | 0.1 | 0 |
| 1982 | -0.2 | -0.2 |
| 1981 | -0.9 | 0.1 |
| 1980 | -0.8 | 0.5 |
| 1979 | -1.3 | -0.2 |
| 1978 | -1.4 | -0.1 |
| 1977 | -1.3 | -0 |
| 1976 | 0.9 | 0.1 |
| 1975 | 0.4 | -0 |
| 1974 | 0.3 | 3 |
| 1973 | 2.8 | 0.2 |
| 1972 | 3 | 0.2 |
| 1971 | 3.7 | 0.2 |
| 1970 | 3.6 | -1.8 |
| 1969 | 3.8 | -1.5 |
| 1968 | 1.7 | -1.4 |
| 1967 | 2 | -1.3 |
| 1966 | -1.4 | -1.3 |
| 1965 | -3.2 | -1.3 |
| 1964 | -3.2 | -1.3 |
| 1963 | -3.1 | -1.4 |
| 1962 | -3 | -1.5 |
| 1961 | -3 | -1.5 |
| 1960 | -3 | -5.1 |
| 1959 | -3 | -3.5 |
| 1958 | -3 | -3.3 |
| 1957 | -2.9 | -3.1 |
| 1956 | -0.7 | -3.1 |
| 1955 | -2.4 | -3 |
| 1954 | -2.1 | -3.1 |
| 1953 | -1.7 | -3 |
| 1952 | -1.1 | -3 |
| 1951 | -0.1 | -3 |
| 1950 | 0.5 | -4.6 |
UN projection (medium variant) · 2024–2100
| Year | Romania | Spain |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | -1.5-4.3–1 | 2.3-2.2–7.4 |
| 2025 | -1.5-5.1–1.8 | 2-4.3–8.6 |
| 2026 | -1.5-6–2.1 | 1.8-6–9.3 |
| 2027 | -1.5-6–2.8 | 1.9-6.5–10.4 |
| 2028 | -1.5-6.3–3.3 | 1.8-7.2–10.6 |
| 2029 | -1.5-6.5–3.6 | 1.7-8.3–11.3 |
| 2030 | -1.5-6.7–3.9 | 1.4-8.4–11.4 |
| 2031 | -1.5-7–4 | 1.3-8.9–11.6 |
| 2032 | -1.4-7.3–4.1 | 1.4-8.8–12.2 |
| 2033 | -1.5-7.3–4.3 | 1.5-9–12.4 |
| 2034 | -1.4-7.2–4.7 | 1.5-9.5–12.1 |
| 2035 | -1.5-7.7–4.3 | 1.4-9.5–12.4 |
| 2036 | -1.5-7.7–4.2 | 1.3-10.1–12.4 |
| 2037 | -1.5-7.9–4.7 | 1.3-10.3–12 |
| 2038 | -1.5-8.1–4.3 | 1.4-10.1–12.4 |
| 2039 | -1.4-8–4.4 | 1.3-10.4–12.6 |
| 2040 | -1.4-7.7–4.6 | 1.2-10.8–12.2 |
| 2041 | -1.5-8–4.9 | 1.2-10.5–12.3 |
| 2042 | -1.4-8–4.6 | 1.1-10.9–12.7 |
| 2043 | -1.4-8.1–5 | 1.3-10.7–13.1 |
| 2044 | -1.4-7.8–4.8 | 1.2-10.3–12.1 |
| 2045 | -1.4-7.7–4.9 | 1.1-11.1–12.5 |
| 2046 | -1.4-7.8–5.3 | 1.2-10.1–13.6 |
| 2047 | -1.5-7.9–5.1 | 1.2-9.6–13.3 |
| 2048 | -1.5-7.9–5.4 | 1.4-10.4–13.3 |
| 2049 | -1.4-7.9–5.2 | 1.2-11.2–13.3 |
| 2050 | -1.3-7.7–5.4 | 1.5-10.6–13.8 |
| 2051 | -1.4-7.7–5.2 | 1.6-11.5–13.6 |
| 2052 | -1.5-8–5.2 | 1.4-11.5–13.5 |
| 2053 | -1.3-8.3–5.4 | 1.3-11.5–14 |
| 2054 | -1.4-8.4–5.2 | 1.5-11.1–14.1 |
| 2055 | -1.5-8.2–5.1 | 1.5-11.9–14.4 |
| 2056 | -1.5-8–5.4 | 1.1-11.9–14 |
| 2057 | -1.4-8.5–5.2 | 1.3-12–14.2 |
| 2058 | -1.4-8.7–5.5 | 1.5-11.5–14.6 |
| 2059 | -1.4-8.6–5.3 | 1.4-11.5–15 |
| 2060 | -1.3-8.6–5.4 | 1.4-11.7–14.2 |
| 2061 | -1.4-8.5–5.2 | 1.2-11.5–14.5 |
| 2062 | -1.4-8.7–5.2 | 1.1-12.2–13.6 |
| 2063 | -1.4-8.7–5.1 | 1.3-11.3–14.4 |
| 2064 | -1.4-8.7–5.2 | 1.1-11.5–14.4 |
| 2065 | -1.5-8.8–5.4 | 1.4-10.4–15 |
| 2066 | -1.3-8.9–5.5 | 1.3-10.7–14.3 |
| 2067 | -1.3-8.6–5.6 | 1.4-10.4–14.5 |
| 2068 | -1.2-8.1–5.7 | 1.2-11.3–14.3 |
| 2069 | -1.3-8.3–5.8 | 1.4-11–14.9 |
| 2070 | -1.3-8.3–5.6 | 1.2-10.7–14.4 |
| 2071 | -1.3-8.3–6 | 1.3-10.6–14.5 |
| 2072 | -1.3-8.5–5.9 | 1.1-11.7–14.4 |
| 2073 | -1.2-8.8–5.9 | 1.2-12.1–13.9 |
| 2074 | -1.3-8.7–5.6 | 1.1-11.8–14 |
| 2075 | -1.3-8.9–5.9 | 1.2-11.7–14.3 |
| 2076 | -1.3-8.4–6.1 | 1.2-12–13.2 |
| 2077 | -1.3-8.3–5.9 | 1.3-11.5–12.6 |
| 2078 | -1.3-8.7–5.5 | 1.3-11–13.4 |
| 2079 | -1.3-8.2–5.7 | 1.2-11–13.6 |
| 2080 | -1.4-8.3–6.1 | 1.2-11–12.4 |
| 2081 | -1.3-8.5–6 | 1.2-10.9–13.6 |
| 2082 | -1.2-8.1–6.1 | 1.2-11.2–13.8 |
| 2083 | -1.2-8.4–6 | 1.1-11–13.6 |
| 2084 | -1.2-8.7–5.9 | 1.1-11.6–14 |
| 2085 | -1.1-8.8–6 | 1-10.9–14 |
| 2086 | -1.2-8.8–5.7 | 1.1-11.7–13.9 |
| 2087 | -1.1-8.6–5.6 | 1.1-11.5–14.6 |
| 2088 | -1.1-8.9–5.5 | 0.9-11.4–13.7 |
| 2089 | -1.2-8.8–5.4 | 0.7-12.3–12.7 |
| 2090 | -1.2-9–5.4 | 0.8-11.9–14.1 |
| 2091 | -1.1-8.8–5.7 | 1-11.8–14.4 |
| 2092 | -1.2-8.9–5.5 | 1-11.5–14.7 |
| 2093 | -1.2-9.3–5.4 | 1-12.4–14.9 |
| 2094 | -1.1-9–5.3 | 1-12.6–14.7 |
| 2095 | -1.1-9.1–5.6 | 0.9-13.1–14.1 |
| 2096 | -1.1-9–5.8 | 1-12.9–14.3 |
| 2097 | -1.1-8.9–5.7 | 0.9-12.6–13.6 |
| 2098 | -1.2-9.2–6.2 | 0.9-12.4–14 |
| 2099 | -1.2-9.5–5.6 | 0.9-13.1–14 |
| 2100 | -1.2-9.7–5.6 | 0.9-12.4–14.1 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- People moving in minus people moving out in a year, per 1,000 residents; below zero, more left than arrived.
- Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024.
- The dashed line is the UN projection (medium variant), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its 95% prediction interval.
- Ranks count the 229 countries with a value in 2023, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Romania vs Spain
Health
- Life expectancyRomania: 75.9 years in 2023Spain: 83.7 years in 2023
- Child mortalityRomania: 0.7 per 100 live births in 2024Spain: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityRomania: 4.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023Spain: 2.4 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterRomania: 82.1% in 2022Spain: 99.6% in 2022
- DepressionRomania: 2.36% in 2017Spain: 3.54% in 2017
- Suicide rateRomania: 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2017Spain: 5.5 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationRomania: 19.1 million people in 2023Spain: 47.9 million people in 2023
- Population growthRomania: -0.53% a year in 2023Spain: 0.02% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateRomania: 1.71 births per woman in 2023Spain: 1.21 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationRomania: 52.2% in 2025Spain: 80.5% in 2025
- Median ageRomania: 42.6 years in 2023Spain: 44.9 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overRomania: 19.8% in 2023Spain: 20.7% in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingRomania: 2.28% of GDP in 2025Spain: 2.13% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsRomania: $8.81B in 2025Spain: $37.7B in 2025
- Military spending per personRomania: $513 in 2025Spain: $839 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingRomania: 5.6% of government spending in 2025Spain: 4.7% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelRomania: 128,000 people in 2020Spain: 199,000 people in 2020
- National powerRomania: 0.23% of world capability in 2022Spain: 0.66% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersRomania: 1.52% of the labour force in 2020Spain: 0.87% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsRomania: 421 million TIV in 2025Spain: 237 million TIV in 2025
- Arms exportsRomania: 132 million TIV in 2025Spain: 341 million TIV in 2025