Compare
Ethiopia vs Madagascar
How Ethiopia and Madagascar compare on 38 measures, from 1789 to 2025. The main differences:
- Life expectancy · In 2023, Ethiopia was higher: 67.3 years against 63.6 years
- GDP per person · In 2025, Ethiopia was higher: $945 against $457
- Population · In 2023, Ethiopia was higher: 129 million people against 31.2 million people
- Military spending · In 2025, Madagascar was higher: 0.62% of GDP against 0.49% of GDP
- CO₂ per person · In 2024, Ethiopia was higher: 0.15 tonnes against 0.15 tonnes
Every measure
Health
- Life expectancyEthiopia: 67.3 years in 2023Madagascar: 63.6 years in 2023
- Child mortalityEthiopia: 4.5 per 100 live births in 2024Madagascar: 6.2 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityEthiopia: 33 per 1,000 live births in 2023Madagascar: 45 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterEthiopia: 13.2% in 2022Madagascar: 22.2% in 2022
- DepressionEthiopia: 3.82% in 2017Madagascar: 3.71% in 2017
- Suicide rateEthiopia: 9.6 per 100,000 people in 2017Madagascar: 11 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationEthiopia: 129 million people in 2023Madagascar: 31.2 million people in 2023
- Population growthEthiopia: 2.59% a year in 2023Madagascar: 2.45% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateEthiopia: 3.99 births per woman in 2023Madagascar: 3.97 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationEthiopia: 24.1% in 2025Madagascar: 32.9% in 2025
- Median ageEthiopia: 18.7 years in 2023Madagascar: 18.9 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overEthiopia: 3.2% in 2023Madagascar: 3.3% in 2023
- Net migration rateEthiopia: -0.1 per 1,000 people in 2023Madagascar: -0 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingEthiopia: 0.49% of GDP in 2025Madagascar: 0.62% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsEthiopia: $785M in 2025Madagascar: $111M in 2025
- Military spending per personEthiopia: $4 in 2025Madagascar: $4 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingEthiopia: 4.1% of government spending in 2025Madagascar: 3.8% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelEthiopia: 138,000 people in 2020Madagascar: 22,000 people in 2020
- National powerEthiopia: 0.85% of world capability in 2022Madagascar: 0.11% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersEthiopia: 0.28% of the labour force in 2020Madagascar: 0.15% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsEthiopia: 63 million TIV in 2025Madagascar: 3 million TIV in 2025
Climate
Technology and environment
Each country on its own
Good to know
- Sources: UN, Gapminder and UN IGME, WHO/UNICEF, IHME, World Bank, IMF, UNESCO, Our World in Data, V-Dem, UCDP, SIPRI, IISS, Correlates of War, ERA5, CMIP6, EDGAR, ITU and FAO. Each measure’s page names its own and what it counts.
- Values are drawn on today’s borders. Years without a published value are left empty, never filled in.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time