Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan
Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan: Net migration rate
Net migration rate in 2023: -0.2 per 1,000 people in Kazakhstan and 2 per 1,000 people in Turkmenistan, by UN estimates. In 2023 the value was higher in Turkmenistan, by 2.3 per 1,000 people.
per 1,000 people · UN
What the numbers say
- Turkmenistan has been higher since 2023, when it overtook Kazakhstan.
- In 2023, Kazakhstan ranked 125 and Turkmenistan ranked 69 of 229 countries, counting from the highest.
- The UN projection (medium variant) puts Kazakhstan at -0.2 per 1,000 people and Turkmenistan at -0.3 per 1,000 people in 2100.
Every year
per 1,000 people · UN
| Year | Kazakhstan | Turkmenistan |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | -0.2 | 2 |
| 2022 | 2.3 | 2 |
| 2021 | -0.5 | 2.5 |
| 2020 | -0.4 | 2.9 |
| 2019 | 0.1 | 2.9 |
| 2018 | -0.4 | 2.9 |
| 2017 | 1.1 | 2.6 |
| 2016 | 0.5 | 2.1 |
| 2015 | -0.1 | 1.6 |
| 2014 | -0.6 | 1.4 |
| 2013 | -0.2 | 1.2 |
| 2012 | -0.3 | 1.2 |
| 2011 | -0.2 | 1.2 |
| 2010 | -0.4 | 1.2 |
| 2009 | -0.5 | 1.2 |
| 2008 | -2.3 | 1.3 |
| 2007 | -1.6 | 1.2 |
| 2006 | -1.3 | 1.5 |
| 2005 | -1.3 | 2 |
| 2004 | -1.4 | 2.9 |
| 2003 | -1 | 3.6 |
| 2002 | -0.5 | 3.9 |
| 2001 | -0.5 | 3.6 |
| 2000 | -0.6 | 3.3 |
| 1999 | -3.9 | 2.9 |
| 1998 | -31.2 | -0.7 |
| 1997 | -30 | -1.3 |
| 1996 | -28.6 | -2 |
| 1995 | -24.7 | -3.2 |
| 1994 | -30.5 | -3.2 |
| 1993 | -16.9 | -0.1 |
| 1992 | -12.4 | -3.4 |
| 1991 | -6 | -1.3 |
| 1990 | -6 | -1.3 |
| 1989 | -4.2 | -1 |
| 1988 | -1.5 | 0.4 |
| 1987 | -2 | 0.9 |
| 1986 | -1.4 | 0.6 |
| 1985 | -6.4 | 0.6 |
| 1984 | -6.1 | -0.5 |
| 1983 | -5.4 | -0.4 |
| 1982 | -5 | -0.3 |
| 1981 | -4.9 | -0.4 |
| 1980 | -4.5 | -0.4 |
| 1979 | -4 | -0.2 |
| 1978 | 8.9 | -0.1 |
| 1977 | 9.4 | -0.1 |
| 1976 | 9.1 | 0.1 |
| 1975 | 1.9 | 0.2 |
| 1974 | 2.1 | 0.4 |
| 1973 | 2.3 | 0.5 |
| 1972 | 4.2 | 0.6 |
| 1971 | 5.1 | 0.6 |
| 1970 | 5.8 | 0.6 |
| 1969 | 6.4 | 0.7 |
| 1968 | 8.9 | 0.7 |
| 1967 | 9.1 | 0.7 |
| 1966 | 9 | 0.7 |
| 1965 | 9.4 | 0.7 |
| 1964 | 9.2 | 0.7 |
| 1963 | 9.1 | 0.7 |
| 1962 | 9 | 0.8 |
| 1961 | 8.8 | 0.8 |
| 1960 | 8.9 | 0.9 |
| 1959 | 9.3 | 0.9 |
| 1958 | 8.7 | 1 |
| 1957 | 9.7 | 1 |
| 1956 | 10.2 | 0.9 |
| 1955 | 10.6 | 0.8 |
| 1954 | 11.1 | 0.7 |
| 1953 | 11.4 | 0.4 |
| 1952 | 12.4 | 0.2 |
| 1951 | 13.2 | -0.2 |
| 1950 | 13.7 | -1.3 |
UN projection (medium variant) · 2024–2100
| Year | Kazakhstan | Turkmenistan |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | -0.4-9.1–7.6 | 20.5–3.6 |
| 2025 | -0.4-11.4–9.9 | 1.7-3.7–3.9 |
| 2026 | -0.6-14.8–11.2 | 1.5-3.8–4.3 |
| 2027 | -0.5-15.7–13.4 | 1.2-3.9–4.2 |
| 2028 | -0.2-16.1–15.8 | 0.8-3.9–4 |
| 2029 | -0.3-17.1–15.6 | 0.3-3.5–3.5 |
| 2030 | -0.3-18.7–16.4 | -0.4-3.7–3.7 |
| 2031 | -0.4-19–16.1 | -0.4-3.9–3.9 |
| 2032 | -0.1-19.1–16.9 | -0.4-3.8–4.1 |
| 2033 | -0.3-18.5–16.9 | -0.4-3.8–3.9 |
| 2034 | -0.4-18.4–17.2 | -0.4-4.1–4.2 |
| 2035 | -0.5-19.9–16.5 | -0.4-3.8–4 |
| 2036 | -0.5-20.7–17.2 | -0.4-4.2–3.9 |
| 2037 | -0.7-20.4–17.5 | -0.4-4.1–4 |
| 2038 | -0.6-21.3–18.2 | -0.4-4.3–4.1 |
| 2039 | -0.7-21.8–18.1 | -0.4-4.2–4.1 |
| 2040 | -0.5-21.5–19.7 | -0.4-4.2–4 |
| 2041 | -0.8-22.1–18.9 | -0.4-4.3–4.1 |
| 2042 | -0.7-21.7–19 | -0.4-4.5–4.3 |
| 2043 | -0.6-21.3–19.3 | -0.3-4.3–4.3 |
| 2044 | -0.6-21.8–20.3 | -0.3-4.3–4.3 |
| 2045 | -0.6-22–19.9 | -0.4-4.2–4.2 |
| 2046 | -0.6-21.5–20 | -0.4-4.3–4.5 |
| 2047 | -0.4-21.1–19.4 | -0.3-4.5–4.4 |
| 2048 | -0.5-23.6–20.1 | -0.3-4.6–4.3 |
| 2049 | -0.7-23.5–18.3 | -0.3-4.5–4.2 |
| 2050 | -0.6-22.3–19.6 | -0.3-4.3–4.2 |
| 2051 | -0.5-23.5–19.5 | -0.3-4.6–4.2 |
| 2052 | -0.4-23.9–19.3 | -0.3-4.3–4.4 |
| 2053 | -0.2-23.5–19.7 | -0.3-4.3–4.2 |
| 2054 | -0.5-23.9–19.5 | -0.4-4.4–4.4 |
| 2055 | -0.3-23.8–19.9 | -0.3-4.5–4.5 |
| 2056 | -0.3-23.2–20.1 | -0.3-4.3–4.7 |
| 2057 | -0.8-23.7–18.3 | -0.3-4.4–4.3 |
| 2058 | -0.7-22.4–19.4 | -0.3-4.5–4.2 |
| 2059 | -0.5-23.4–19.3 | -0.3-4.4–4.4 |
| 2060 | -0.6-22.7–19.2 | -0.4-4.4–4.3 |
| 2061 | -0.6-23.1–19.8 | -0.3-4.4–4.4 |
| 2062 | -0.6-22–19.8 | -0.3-4.5–4.6 |
| 2063 | -0.5-22.4–19.7 | -0.3-4.5–4.3 |
| 2064 | -0.6-23–18.8 | -0.3-4.7–4.5 |
| 2065 | -0.5-22.4–19.2 | -0.3-4.9–4.4 |
| 2066 | -0.7-22.1–20.7 | -0.3-4.9–4.4 |
| 2067 | -0.8-23.4–19.1 | -0.3-4.6–4.3 |
| 2068 | -0.7-22.8–18.5 | -0.3-4.5–4.4 |
| 2069 | -0.4-23.4–20.6 | -0.3-4.5–4.6 |
| 2070 | -0.7-22.5–19.9 | -0.3-4.6–4.1 |
| 2071 | -0.7-23.4–19.2 | -0.3-4.5–4.2 |
| 2072 | -0.8-22.3–19.8 | -0.3-4.5–4.1 |
| 2073 | -0.8-22.8–19 | -0.3-4.4–4.1 |
| 2074 | -0.5-23.5–19.7 | -0.3-4.5–4.3 |
| 2075 | -0.6-23.8–19.4 | -0.3-4.6–4.3 |
| 2076 | -0.6-22.6–19.3 | -0.3-4.7–4.2 |
| 2077 | -0.5-23.4–19.5 | -0.3-5–4.3 |
| 2078 | -0.5-22.9–20 | -0.3-4.6–4.1 |
| 2079 | -0.8-22.6–19 | -0.3-4.8–4.4 |
| 2080 | -0.7-22.5–19.5 | -0.3-4.8–4.3 |
| 2081 | -0.6-23.7–20.6 | -0.3-4.9–4.1 |
| 2082 | -0.9-23.3–19.7 | -0.3-4.9–4.3 |
| 2083 | -0.5-22.8–20.2 | -0.3-4.8–4.3 |
| 2084 | -0.6-23.5–20.7 | -0.3-4.8–4.5 |
| 2085 | -0.6-21.8–20.6 | -0.3-4.8–4.5 |
| 2086 | -0.5-22.6–19 | -0.3-4.8–4.3 |
| 2087 | -0.5-22.7–19.3 | -0.3-4.8–4.4 |
| 2088 | -0.7-22.6–19.2 | -0.3-4.7–4.4 |
| 2089 | -0.7-22.1–20.1 | -0.3-4.6–4.3 |
| 2090 | -0.6-23.6–19.8 | -0.3-4.8–4.5 |
| 2091 | -0.6-23.1–21.2 | -0.3-4.6–4.6 |
| 2092 | -0.6-23.7–20.9 | -0.3-4.6–4.5 |
| 2093 | -0.3-22.2–20.7 | -0.3-4.7–4.6 |
| 2094 | -0.3-22.9–20.5 | -0.3-4.6–4.4 |
| 2095 | -0.1-23.8–20.6 | -0.3-4.9–4.1 |
| 2096 | -0.2-24.4–21.1 | -0.3-4.7–4.1 |
| 2097 | -0.4-23.6–20.5 | -0.3-4.7–4.2 |
| 2098 | -0.3-23.4–21.4 | -0.3-5–4.3 |
| 2099 | -0.2-23.6–20.6 | -0.3-4.6–4.2 |
| 2100 | -0.2-22.1–22.8 | -0.3-4.9–4.4 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- People moving in minus people moving out in a year, per 1,000 residents; below zero, more left than arrived.
- Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024.
- The dashed line is the UN projection (medium variant), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its 95% prediction interval.
- Ranks count the 229 countries with a value in 2023, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan
Health
- Life expectancyKazakhstan: 74.4 years in 2023Turkmenistan: 70.1 years in 2023
- Child mortalityKazakhstan: 0.9 per 100 live births in 2024Turkmenistan: 3.9 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityKazakhstan: 8.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023Turkmenistan: 31.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterKazakhstan: 89.4% in 2021Turkmenistan: 94.9% in 2022
- DepressionKazakhstan: 3.51% in 2017Turkmenistan: 2.82% in 2017
- Suicide rateKazakhstan: 23 per 100,000 people in 2017Turkmenistan: 8.7 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationKazakhstan: 20.3 million people in 2023Turkmenistan: 7.36 million people in 2023
- Population growthKazakhstan: 1.32% a year in 2023Turkmenistan: 1.8% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateKazakhstan: 3.01 births per woman in 2023Turkmenistan: 2.69 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationKazakhstan: 62.4% in 2025Turkmenistan: 47.1% in 2025
- Median ageKazakhstan: 29.5 years in 2023Turkmenistan: 26.2 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overKazakhstan: 8.3% in 2023Turkmenistan: 4.3% in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingKazakhstan: 0.43% of GDP in 2025Turkmenistan: 3.11% of GDP in 1999
- Military spending in US dollarsKazakhstan: $1.31B in 2025Turkmenistan: $188M in 1999
- Military spending per personKazakhstan: $63 in 2025Turkmenistan: $25 in 1999
- Military share of state spendingKazakhstan: 2.1% of government spending in 2025Turkmenistan: 15% of government spending in 1999
- Armed forces personnelKazakhstan: 71,000 people in 2020Turkmenistan: 57,000 people in 2020
- National powerKazakhstan: 0.27% of world capability in 2022Turkmenistan: 0.13% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersKazakhstan: 0.74% of the labour force in 2020Turkmenistan: 2.87% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsKazakhstan: 18 million TIV in 2025Turkmenistan: 382 million TIV in 2021