Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan
Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan: Temperature
Temperature in 2025: 9 °C in Kazakhstan and 18.3 °C in Turkmenistan, by ERA5 observations. In 2025 the value was higher in Turkmenistan, by 9.3 °C, or 2.03 times that in Kazakhstan.
°C · ERA5
What the numbers say
- Turkmenistan has been higher in every year both have figures for since 1950.
- In 2025, Kazakhstan ranked 206 and Turkmenistan ranked 156 of 233 countries, counting from the highest.
- The CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) puts Kazakhstan at 10 °C and Turkmenistan at 19.4 °C in 2100.
Every year
°C · ERA5
| Year | Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 9 | 7.9 | 18.3 | 17.6 |
| 2024 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 17.5 | 17.6 |
| 2023 | 8.8 | 7.5 | 18.5 | 17.3 |
| 2022 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 17.7 | 17.2 |
| 2021 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 17.8 | 17.3 |
| 2020 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 16.5 | 17.2 |
| 2019 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 17.5 | 17 |
| 2018 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 17.3 | 17.1 |
| 2017 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 17 | 17.2 |
| 2016 | 7.7 | 7.2 | 17.4 | 16.8 |
| 2015 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 17.1 | 17 |
| 2014 | 6.3 | 7.2 | 16.3 | 17 |
| 2013 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 17.4 | 17 |
| 2012 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 16.5 | 16.8 |
| 2011 | 6.3 | 7 | 16.4 | 16.7 |
| 2010 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 17.6 | 16.5 |
| 2009 | 7 | 7.2 | 16.9 | 16.7 |
| 2008 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 16.4 | 16.6 |
| 2007 | 7.8 | 7 | 16.9 | 16.8 |
| 2006 | 7.4 | 7 | 17.1 | 16.6 |
| 2005 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 17.2 | 16.5 |
| 2004 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 17.2 | 16.6 |
| 2003 | 6.5 | 7 | 16.1 | 16.5 |
| 2002 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 16.8 | 16.8 |
| 2001 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 17 | 16.4 |
| 2000 | 7 | 6.6 | 16.9 | 16.4 |
| 1999 | 7.2 | 6.5 | 16.8 | 16.3 |
| 1998 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 16.6 | 16.4 |
| 1997 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 16.7 | 16.3 |
| 1996 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 15.6 | 16.4 |
| 1995 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 16.9 | 16.1 |
| 1994 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 15.9 | 15.9 |
| 1993 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 15.1 | 15.6 |
| 1992 | 6 | 5.7 | 15.3 | 15.6 |
| 1991 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 16 | 16.1 |
| 1990 | 7 | 6.4 | 16.4 | 16.2 |
| 1989 | 6.9 | 6 | 16.2 | 15.8 |
| 1988 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 16.4 | 15.8 |
| 1987 | 5.7 | 6 | 15.9 | 15.8 |
| 1986 | 6.1 | 6 | 16 | 15.8 |
| 1985 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 15.9 | 15.9 |
| 1984 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 14.7 | 15.5 |
| 1983 | 7.9 | 5.4 | 16.8 | 15.3 |
| 1982 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 14.9 | 15.8 |
| 1981 | 7 | 5.8 | 16.3 | 15.8 |
| 1980 | 5.9 | 6 | 15.9 | 15.9 |
| 1979 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 16.3 | 15.7 |
| 1978 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 15.6 | 15.6 |
| 1977 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 16 | 15.5 |
| 1976 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 14.8 | 15.4 |
| 1975 | 6.8 | 5.7 | 16.1 | 15.5 |
| 1974 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 14.7 | 15.4 |
| 1973 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 15.9 | 15.6 |
| 1972 | 4.6 | 5.6 | 14.1 | 15.5 |
| 1971 | 6.6 | 5.4 | 16.5 | 15.2 |
| 1970 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 16.1 | 15.2 |
| 1969 | 3.9 | 5.7 | 13.7 | 15.6 |
| 1968 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 15.7 | 15.3 |
| 1967 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 15.7 | 15.5 |
| 1966 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 16.6 | 15.5 |
| 1965 | 6.7 | 5.1 | 16 | 15.3 |
| 1964 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 14.8 | 15.4 |
| 1963 | 6.9 | 5.7 | 16.4 | 15.4 |
| 1962 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 15.7 | 15.7 |
| 1961 | 6.6 | 6 | 16.6 | 15.7 |
| 1960 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 15.6 | 15.5 |
| 1959 | 4.8 | 6.1 | 14.8 | 15.8 |
| 1958 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 16.2 | 15.5 |
| 1957 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 15 | 15.9 |
| 1956 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 15.2 | 15.4 |
| 1955 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 16.7 | 15.7 |
| 1954 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 14.9 | 15.6 |
| 1953 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 15.6 | 15.6 |
| 1952 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 15.3 | 15.6 |
| 1951 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 15.3 | 15.7 |
| 1950 | 4.8 | 6.1 | 14.5 | 15.9 |
- 12.3Projected
CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) · 2026–2100
| Year | Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | – | 7.56.2–8.9 | – | 17.316.4–18.3 |
| 2027 | – | 8.16.5–9.2 | – | 17.616.7–18.5 |
| 2028 | – | 7.96.6–9.1 | – | 17.416.7–18.4 |
| 2029 | – | 7.96.6–9 | – | 17.316.4–18.3 |
| 2030 | – | 86.7–9.2 | – | 17.616.2–18.6 |
| 2031 | – | 8.26.9–9.3 | – | 17.717–18.5 |
| 2032 | – | 8.26.9–9.4 | – | 17.816.6–18.5 |
| 2033 | – | 8.16.9–9.4 | – | 17.516.7–18.7 |
| 2034 | – | 8.16.9–9.7 | – | 17.716.7–18.7 |
| 2035 | – | 86.9–9.3 | – | 17.816.7–18.6 |
| 2036 | – | 8.36.8–9.2 | – | 17.716.7–18.5 |
| 2037 | – | 8.46.6–9.4 | – | 17.916.6–18.7 |
| 2038 | – | 8.36.9–9.7 | – | 17.817–19 |
| 2039 | – | 8.17.1–9.7 | – | 17.816.8–18.6 |
| 2040 | – | 8.57.4–10 | – | 17.916.9–19.3 |
| 2041 | – | 8.56.9–10.1 | – | 17.817.2–19.2 |
| 2042 | – | 8.36.5–9.6 | – | 17.916.7–18.9 |
| 2043 | – | 8.47–9.3 | – | 17.716.9–18.7 |
| 2044 | – | 8.46.9–10 | – | 1816.9–18.9 |
| 2045 | – | 8.47.2–10.1 | – | 1816.9–19.3 |
| 2046 | – | 8.87.6–9.9 | – | 18.517.4–19.2 |
| 2047 | – | 8.87.4–10.3 | – | 18.317.2–19.2 |
| 2048 | – | 8.87.4–10 | – | 1817.1–19.4 |
| 2049 | – | 9.17.7–10.7 | – | 18.416.9–19.3 |
| 2050 | – | 8.77.3–10.2 | – | 18.217.3–19.5 |
| 2051 | – | 8.87.2–10.1 | – | 18.317.2–19.3 |
| 2052 | – | 8.87.5–10 | – | 18.417.3–19.4 |
| 2053 | – | 9.17.8–10.4 | – | 18.517.3–19.6 |
| 2054 | – | 8.87.5–10.8 | – | 18.417.4–20.1 |
| 2055 | – | 8.87.4–10.5 | – | 18.517.3–19.8 |
| 2056 | – | 9.48–10.6 | – | 18.417.7–19.7 |
| 2057 | – | 9.17.1–10.9 | – | 18.517.3–20.2 |
| 2058 | – | 8.97.7–10.7 | – | 18.517.4–19.4 |
| 2059 | – | 9.47.7–11.1 | – | 18.617.4–19.8 |
| 2060 | – | 9.18–10.8 | – | 18.317.3–20 |
| 2061 | – | 8.87.6–10.5 | – | 18.317.5–19.6 |
| 2062 | – | 9.27.6–11 | – | 18.717.4–19.9 |
| 2063 | – | 9.47.5–10.8 | – | 18.517.6–19.8 |
| 2064 | – | 97.6–10.9 | – | 18.617.1–20.1 |
| 2065 | – | 9.57.9–10.7 | – | 18.917.5–19.8 |
| 2066 | – | 9.28.1–10.9 | – | 18.617.9–20.2 |
| 2067 | – | 9.37.8–11.1 | – | 18.717.8–20.1 |
| 2068 | – | 9.37.8–11.3 | – | 18.917.8–20 |
| 2069 | – | 9.78–11.1 | – | 18.817.8–20.2 |
| 2070 | – | 9.37.8–11.1 | – | 18.717.8–19.7 |
| 2071 | – | 9.57.8–11.2 | – | 18.817.7–20.2 |
| 2072 | – | 9.37.9–11.5 | – | 18.717.5–20.4 |
| 2073 | – | 9.48.1–11.5 | – | 1918.1–20.7 |
| 2074 | – | 9.88.5–11.4 | – | 19.117.7–20.7 |
| 2075 | – | 9.48.1–11.5 | – | 18.818–20.5 |
| 2076 | – | 9.68.1–11.1 | – | 18.717.5–20.4 |
| 2077 | – | 9.68.2–11.3 | – | 19.317.7–20.6 |
| 2078 | – | 9.58–11.4 | – | 18.817.8–20.4 |
| 2079 | – | 9.68–11.4 | – | 18.917.6–20.5 |
| 2080 | – | 9.48–11 | – | 18.817.9–20 |
| 2081 | – | 9.28.1–11.4 | – | 18.817.8–20.8 |
| 2082 | – | 9.88.3–11.2 | – | 19.118.3–20.2 |
| 2083 | – | 9.98.6–11.6 | – | 19.418.1–20.8 |
| 2084 | – | 9.98.3–11.4 | – | 19.318.2–20.6 |
| 2085 | – | 9.98.3–11.6 | – | 19.218.1–21.1 |
| 2086 | – | 108.3–11.3 | – | 19.217.8–20.7 |
| 2087 | – | 108.4–11.7 | – | 19.218.1–21 |
| 2088 | – | 9.78.5–11.4 | – | 1917.8–20.7 |
| 2089 | – | 9.88.6–11.6 | – | 19.318.2–20.4 |
| 2090 | – | 9.98.5–11.9 | – | 19.218.1–21 |
| 2091 | – | 10.37.9–11.6 | – | 19.417.8–20.8 |
| 2092 | – | 10.28.5–11.8 | – | 19.518.1–20.7 |
| 2093 | – | 10.28.8–11.6 | – | 19.318.5–20.5 |
| 2094 | – | 9.98.5–12.1 | – | 19.218.2–21.1 |
| 2095 | – | 108.7–11.9 | – | 19.318–20.8 |
| 2096 | – | 108.5–12.2 | – | 19.318.1–21 |
| 2097 | – | 10.18.8–12 | – | 19.318.3–20.8 |
| 2098 | – | 10.38.2–11.9 | – | 19.518.3–21.4 |
| 2099 | – | 108–12.1 | – | 19.318.2–20.8 |
| 2100 | – | 108.7–11.8 | – | 19.418.3–21.1 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- The average air temperature near the ground, over the whole country and the whole year.
- Source: ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus, ECMWF) and CMIP6, via the World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal.
- The dashed line is the CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its models’ 10th–90th percentile.
- Climate model values are the median of the CMIP6 models, run on past emissions to 2014 and on SSP2-4.5, a middle-of-the-road path, after: they are not measurements.
- Ranks count the 233 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan
Health
- Life expectancyKazakhstan: 74.4 years in 2023Turkmenistan: 70.1 years in 2023
- Child mortalityKazakhstan: 0.9 per 100 live births in 2024Turkmenistan: 3.9 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityKazakhstan: 8.1 per 1,000 live births in 2023Turkmenistan: 31.8 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterKazakhstan: 89.4% in 2021Turkmenistan: 94.9% in 2022
- DepressionKazakhstan: 3.51% in 2017Turkmenistan: 2.82% in 2017
- Suicide rateKazakhstan: 23 per 100,000 people in 2017Turkmenistan: 8.7 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationKazakhstan: 20.3 million people in 2023Turkmenistan: 7.36 million people in 2023
- Population growthKazakhstan: 1.32% a year in 2023Turkmenistan: 1.8% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateKazakhstan: 3.01 births per woman in 2023Turkmenistan: 2.69 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationKazakhstan: 62.4% in 2025Turkmenistan: 47.1% in 2025
- Median ageKazakhstan: 29.5 years in 2023Turkmenistan: 26.2 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overKazakhstan: 8.3% in 2023Turkmenistan: 4.3% in 2023
- Net migration rateKazakhstan: -0.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Turkmenistan: 2 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingKazakhstan: 0.43% of GDP in 2025Turkmenistan: 3.11% of GDP in 1999
- Military spending in US dollarsKazakhstan: $1.31B in 2025Turkmenistan: $188M in 1999
- Military spending per personKazakhstan: $63 in 2025Turkmenistan: $25 in 1999
- Military share of state spendingKazakhstan: 2.1% of government spending in 2025Turkmenistan: 15% of government spending in 1999
- Armed forces personnelKazakhstan: 71,000 people in 2020Turkmenistan: 57,000 people in 2020
- National powerKazakhstan: 0.27% of world capability in 2022Turkmenistan: 0.13% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersKazakhstan: 0.74% of the labour force in 2020Turkmenistan: 2.87% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsKazakhstan: 18 million TIV in 2025Turkmenistan: 382 million TIV in 2021