Estonia vs Latvia
Estonia vs Latvia: Population growth
Population growth in 2023: 0% a year in Estonia and -0.29% a year in Latvia, by UN estimates. In 2023 the value was higher in Estonia, by 0.29 percentage points.
% a year · UN
What the numbers say
- Estonia has been higher since 1997, when it overtook Latvia.
- In 2023, Estonia ranked 176 and Latvia ranked 194 of 229 countries, counting from the highest.
- The UN projection (medium variant) puts Estonia at -0.68% a year and Latvia at -1.03% a year in 2100.
- The world as a whole: 0.87% a year in 2023.
Every year
% a year · UN
| Year | Estonia | Latvia | World |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 0 | -0.29 | 0.87 |
| 2022 | 2.53 | 0.43 | 0.88 |
| 2021 | 0.19 | -0.91 | 0.8 |
| 2020 | 0.12 | -0.73 | 0.9 |
| 2019 | 0.31 | -0.64 | 1.03 |
| 2018 | 0.43 | -0.74 | 1.07 |
| 2017 | 0.26 | -0.81 | 1.13 |
| 2016 | -0.02 | -0.96 | 1.17 |
| 2015 | 0.22 | -0.87 | 1.18 |
| 2014 | -0.2 | -0.77 | 1.22 |
| 2013 | -0.33 | -1.11 | 1.23 |
| 2012 | -0.38 | -1.03 | 1.27 |
| 2011 | -0.34 | -1.44 | 1.26 |
| 2010 | -0.28 | -2.2 | 1.27 |
| 2009 | -0.18 | -1.98 | 1.28 |
| 2008 | -0.2 | -1.33 | 1.28 |
| 2007 | -0.34 | -0.78 | 1.28 |
| 2006 | -0.58 | -0.87 | 1.28 |
| 2005 | -0.6 | -0.99 | 1.27 |
| 2004 | -0.55 | -1.18 | 1.28 |
| 2003 | -0.65 | -1 | 1.29 |
| 2002 | -0.6 | -0.94 | 1.3 |
| 2001 | -0.66 | -1.37 | 1.33 |
| 2000 | -0.61 | -1.18 | 1.35 |
| 1999 | -0.33 | -0.72 | 1.35 |
| 1998 | -0.75 | -0.9 | 1.37 |
| 1997 | -0.7 | -1 | 1.39 |
| 1996 | -1.14 | -1.02 | 1.42 |
| 1995 | -1.37 | -1.25 | 1.45 |
| 1994 | -1.76 | -1.57 | 1.47 |
| 1993 | -2.08 | -1.78 | 1.52 |
| 1992 | -2.62 | -2.15 | 1.57 |
| 1991 | -0.64 | -0.45 | 1.63 |
| 1990 | 0.01 | -0.39 | 1.76 |
| 1989 | 0.34 | 0.04 | 1.78 |
| 1988 | 0.75 | 0.91 | 1.79 |
| 1987 | 0.78 | 1.08 | 1.84 |
| 1986 | 0.74 | 0.92 | 1.83 |
| 1985 | 0.61 | 0.67 | 1.8 |
| 1984 | 0.66 | 0.62 | 1.8 |
| 1983 | 0.71 | 0.62 | 1.78 |
| 1982 | 0.66 | 0.56 | 1.86 |
| 1981 | 0.62 | 0.4 | 1.82 |
| 1980 | 0.58 | 0.26 | 1.8 |
| 1979 | 0.57 | 0.24 | 1.79 |
| 1978 | 0.77 | 0.41 | 1.74 |
| 1977 | 0.84 | 0.61 | 1.75 |
| 1976 | 0.79 | 0.52 | 1.78 |
| 1975 | 0.8 | 0.68 | 1.8 |
| 1974 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 1.88 |
| 1973 | 0.85 | 0.89 | 1.94 |
| 1972 | 0.89 | 0.76 | 1.97 |
| 1971 | 0.95 | 0.81 | 1.97 |
| 1970 | 0.9 | 0.84 | 2.06 |
| 1969 | 1.05 | 0.86 | 2.06 |
| 1968 | 1.1 | 0.89 | 2.09 |
| 1967 | 1.04 | 0.95 | 2 |
| 1966 | 1.03 | 0.96 | 2.04 |
| 1965 | 1.07 | 0.95 | 2.09 |
| 1964 | 1.18 | 1.1 | 2.16 |
| 1963 | 1.11 | 1.06 | 2.28 |
| 1962 | 1.14 | 1.09 | 2.11 |
| 1961 | 1.19 | 1.23 | 1.67 |
| 1960 | 1.21 | 1.2 | 1.58 |
| 1959 | 0.52 | 2.05 | 1.73 |
| 1958 | 1.06 | 1.19 | 2 |
| 1957 | 0.88 | 1.07 | 2.07 |
| 1956 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 1.98 |
| 1955 | 1.02 | 0.94 | 2.01 |
| 1954 | 1.06 | 0.91 | 1.99 |
| 1953 | 1.06 | 0.79 | 1.9 |
| 1952 | 1.19 | 0.81 | 1.94 |
| 1951 | 1.25 | 0.8 | 1.75 |
| 1950 | 1.31 | 0.78 | 1.74 |
UN projection (medium variant) · 2024–2100
| Year | Estonia | Latvia | World |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | -0.98-1.38–-0.61 | -0.84-1.56–-0.22 | 0.86 |
| 2025 | -1.43-2.04–-0.92 | -1.13-2.13–-0.27 | 0.84 |
| 2026 | -0.53-1.15–0.01 | -0.78-1.88–0.22 | 0.83 |
| 2027 | -0.54-1.19–0.08 | -0.8-1.99–0.38 | 0.81 |
| 2028 | -0.54-1.23–0.15 | -0.8-2.1–0.52 | 0.8 |
| 2029 | -0.54-1.24–0.21 | -0.82-2.22–0.62 | 0.78 |
| 2030 | -0.54-1.28–0.26 | -0.85-2.28–0.71 | 0.76 |
| 2031 | -0.54-1.35–0.29 | -0.82-2.36–0.76 | 0.75 |
| 2032 | -0.54-1.4–0.33 | -0.83-2.38–0.78 | 0.73 |
| 2033 | -0.54-1.44–0.36 | -0.82-2.45–0.87 | 0.72 |
| 2034 | -0.53-1.44–0.41 | -0.8-2.46–0.84 | 0.7 |
| 2035 | -0.52-1.45–0.43 | -0.79-2.4–1.07 | 0.69 |
| 2036 | -0.52-1.48–0.45 | -0.79-2.39–0.98 | 0.67 |
| 2037 | -0.51-1.51–0.53 | -0.78-2.53–1.01 | 0.65 |
| 2038 | -0.49-1.49–0.58 | -0.78-2.64–1.02 | 0.64 |
| 2039 | -0.49-1.5–0.64 | -0.8-2.65–1.01 | 0.62 |
| 2040 | -0.49-1.56–0.67 | -0.78-2.65–1.24 | 0.61 |
| 2041 | -0.49-1.58–0.65 | -0.79-2.73–1.1 | 0.59 |
| 2042 | -0.5-1.64–0.68 | -0.77-2.7–1.13 | 0.57 |
| 2043 | -0.5-1.69–0.74 | -0.79-2.75–1.12 | 0.56 |
| 2044 | -0.51-1.72–0.72 | -0.79-2.71–1.09 | 0.54 |
| 2045 | -0.52-1.76–0.74 | -0.82-2.79–1.12 | 0.52 |
| 2046 | -0.52-1.75–0.76 | -0.8-2.8–1.14 | 0.5 |
| 2047 | -0.53-1.83–0.8 | -0.81-2.91–1.23 | 0.48 |
| 2048 | -0.53-1.79–0.85 | -0.83-2.9–1.28 | 0.46 |
| 2049 | -0.56-1.82–0.78 | -0.84-2.87–1.1 | 0.44 |
| 2050 | -0.57-1.88–0.79 | -0.85-3.01–1.25 | 0.42 |
| 2051 | -0.59-1.84–0.81 | -0.85-2.97–1.3 | 0.4 |
| 2052 | -0.6-1.88–0.81 | -0.92-3.23–1.28 | 0.38 |
| 2053 | -0.62-1.96–0.81 | -0.93-3.27–1.21 | 0.36 |
| 2054 | -0.63-1.96–0.81 | -0.95-3.29–1.12 | 0.34 |
| 2055 | -0.66-2.01–0.8 | -0.96-3.28–1.07 | 0.33 |
| 2056 | -0.67-2.03–0.77 | -0.99-3.4–1.04 | 0.31 |
| 2057 | -0.68-2.11–0.82 | -1.01-3.42–1.14 | 0.3 |
| 2058 | -0.7-2.16–0.78 | -1.01-3.41–1.22 | 0.28 |
| 2059 | -0.71-2.18–0.86 | -1.01-3.39–1.13 | 0.27 |
| 2060 | -0.74-2.21–0.8 | -1.03-3.41–1.06 | 0.25 |
| 2061 | -0.74-2.29–0.77 | -1.02-3.54–1.14 | 0.24 |
| 2062 | -0.75-2.31–0.76 | -1.02-3.52–1.2 | 0.23 |
| 2063 | -0.75-2.35–0.72 | -1.03-3.61–1.17 | 0.22 |
| 2064 | -0.76-2.41–0.7 | -1.04-3.53–1.24 | 0.21 |
| 2065 | -0.76-2.46–0.75 | -1.05-3.68–1.18 | 0.2 |
| 2066 | -0.76-2.52–0.69 | -1.02-3.63–1.18 | 0.19 |
| 2067 | -0.77-2.43–0.73 | -1.04-3.64–1.2 | 0.18 |
| 2068 | -0.77-2.47–0.8 | -1.03-3.82–1.14 | 0.17 |
| 2069 | -0.78-2.57–0.81 | -1.01-3.83–1.16 | 0.16 |
| 2070 | -0.79-2.57–0.86 | -1.01-3.85–1.25 | 0.15 |
| 2071 | -0.78-2.58–0.82 | -1.01-3.85–1.1 | 0.14 |
| 2072 | -0.77-2.59–0.82 | -0.99-3.86–1.25 | 0.13 |
| 2073 | -0.77-2.62–0.87 | -1-3.84–1.24 | 0.12 |
| 2074 | -0.77-2.64–0.88 | -1.01-3.95–1.17 | 0.1 |
| 2075 | -0.76-2.65–0.83 | -1.01-4.02–1.24 | 0.09 |
| 2076 | -0.76-2.75–0.87 | -1.01-4.08–1.26 | 0.08 |
| 2077 | -0.76-2.74–0.87 | -1-4.13–1.25 | 0.07 |
| 2078 | -0.76-2.82–0.89 | -1-4.19–1.17 | 0.06 |
| 2079 | -0.75-2.82–0.96 | -1.01-4.14–1.24 | 0.05 |
| 2080 | -0.74-2.79–0.95 | -1-4.16–1.23 | 0.04 |
| 2081 | -0.73-2.79–0.94 | -0.99-4.13–1.26 | 0.03 |
| 2082 | -0.73-2.79–0.96 | -0.98-4.31–1.23 | 0.02 |
| 2083 | -0.73-2.76–0.95 | -0.98-4.22–1.25 | 0.01 |
| 2084 | -0.73-2.87–1.04 | -0.96-4.12–1.23 | -0 |
| 2085 | -0.71-2.87–1.06 | -0.94-4.17–1.37 | -0.01 |
| 2086 | -0.7-2.84–0.96 | -0.95-4.09–1.32 | -0.02 |
| 2087 | -0.69-2.95–0.99 | -0.95-4.19–1.24 | -0.03 |
| 2088 | -0.66-2.94–1 | -0.94-4.15–1.43 | -0.04 |
| 2089 | -0.66-2.85–1 | -0.93-4.08–1.45 | -0.05 |
| 2090 | -0.65-2.89–0.99 | -0.94-4.07–1.38 | -0.05 |
| 2091 | -0.64-2.81–1.09 | -0.94-4.2–1.39 | -0.06 |
| 2092 | -0.64-2.91–1.14 | -0.95-4.26–1.39 | -0.07 |
| 2093 | -0.64-2.82–1.09 | -0.94-4.34–1.46 | -0.07 |
| 2094 | -0.64-2.97–1.13 | -0.96-4.29–1.43 | -0.08 |
| 2095 | -0.65-2.99–1.06 | -0.97-4.39–1.47 | -0.09 |
| 2096 | -0.66-3.07–1.09 | -0.98-4.41–1.42 | -0.1 |
| 2097 | -0.65-3.25–1.08 | -0.99-4.48–1.39 | -0.11 |
| 2098 | -0.65-3.14–1.17 | -1.01-4.49–1.34 | -0.11 |
| 2099 | -0.67-3.22–1.06 | -1.02-4.6–1.3 | -0.12 |
| 2100 | -0.68-3.17–1.12 | -1.03-4.75–1.28 | -0.13 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- How fast the population grew or shrank in a year: births minus deaths, plus people moving in minus people moving out.
- Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024.
- The dashed line is the UN projection (medium variant), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its 95% prediction interval.
- Ranks count the 229 countries with a value in 2023, highest first.
- The faint line is the world as a whole, as the same source counts it.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Estonia vs Latvia
Health
- Life expectancyEstonia: 79.2 years in 2023Latvia: 76.2 years in 2023
- Child mortalityEstonia: 0.2 per 100 live births in 2024Latvia: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityEstonia: 1.4 per 1,000 live births in 2023Latvia: 2.9 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterEstonia: 97% in 2022Latvia: 97.1% in 2022
- DepressionEstonia: 3.85% in 2017Latvia: 3.5% in 2017
- Suicide rateEstonia: 12.7 per 100,000 people in 2017Latvia: 17 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationEstonia: 1.37 million people in 2023Latvia: 1.88 million people in 2023
- Fertility rateEstonia: 1.35 births per woman in 2023Latvia: 1.34 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationEstonia: 70.7% in 2025Latvia: 68.6% in 2025
- Median ageEstonia: 41.9 years in 2023Latvia: 43.1 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overEstonia: 20.9% in 2023Latvia: 21.3% in 2023
- Net migration rateEstonia: 4.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Latvia: 4.2 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingEstonia: 3.37% of GDP in 2025Latvia: 3.61% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsEstonia: $1.44B in 2025Latvia: $1.6B in 2025
- Military spending per personEstonia: $1,164 in 2025Latvia: $929 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingEstonia: 7.5% of government spending in 2025Latvia: 8.2% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelEstonia: 7,000 people in 2020Latvia: 9,000 people in 2020
- National powerEstonia: 0.02% of world capability in 2022Latvia: 0.02% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersEstonia: 1% of the labour force in 2020Latvia: 0.92% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsEstonia: 204 million TIV in 2025Latvia: 19 million TIV in 2024
- Arms exportsEstonia: 2 million TIV in 2024Latvia: 1 million TIV in 2025