Estonia vs Latvia
Estonia vs Latvia: Temperature
Temperature in 2025: 7.8 °C in Estonia and 8 °C in Latvia, by ERA5 observations. In 2025 the value was higher in Latvia, by 0.3 °C, or 1.03 times that in Estonia.
°C · ERA5
What the numbers say
- Latvia has been higher in every year both have figures for since 1950.
- In 2025, Estonia ranked 217 and Latvia ranked 215 of 233 countries, counting from the highest.
- The CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) puts Estonia at 9.1 °C and Latvia at 9.5 °C in 2100.
Every year
°C · ERA5
| Year | Estonia | Estonia: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Latvia | Latvia: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 8 | 7.3 |
| 2024 | 8 | 6.4 | 8.7 | 7 |
| 2023 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 7.8 | 6.8 |
| 2022 | 7 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.8 |
| 2021 | 6.5 | 7 | 6.9 | 7.5 |
| 2020 | 8.3 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 7.3 |
| 2019 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 8.1 | 6.9 |
| 2018 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 7.6 | 6.8 |
| 2017 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 6.8 |
| 2016 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 7 | 7 |
| 2015 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 7.8 | 6.9 |
| 2014 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 7.1 |
| 2013 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 7.1 |
| 2012 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.8 |
| 2011 | 7 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 6.5 |
| 2010 | 5 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 7 |
| 2009 | 6 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 6.7 |
| 2008 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 7 |
| 2007 | 6.9 | 6 | 7.4 | 6.6 |
| 2006 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 6.8 |
| 2005 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.8 |
| 2004 | 6 | 6 | 6.4 | 6.5 |
| 2003 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.6 |
| 2002 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 7 | 6.4 |
| 2001 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 6.4 |
| 2000 | 7.1 | 6 | 7.6 | 6.5 |
| 1999 | 6.6 | 5.7 | 7.2 | 6.2 |
| 1998 | 5.5 | 6 | 6.1 | 6.6 |
| 1997 | 6 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 6.1 |
| 1996 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 5.1 | 6.4 |
| 1995 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 5.9 |
| 1994 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.9 |
| 1993 | 5.2 | 5 | 5.8 | 5.5 |
| 1992 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 7 | 5.4 |
| 1991 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 5.7 |
| 1990 | 6.9 | 5.8 | 7.4 | 6.2 |
| 1989 | 7.4 | 5.5 | 7.7 | 6 |
| 1988 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 5.9 |
| 1987 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 5.8 |
| 1986 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.9 |
| 1985 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 5.8 |
| 1984 | 5.9 | 4.4 | 6.3 | 5.1 |
| 1983 | 6.4 | 4.9 | 7 | 5.4 |
| 1982 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 5.4 |
| 1981 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 5.4 |
| 1980 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.6 |
| 1979 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.6 |
| 1978 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 5.6 |
| 1977 | 4.8 | 5 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| 1976 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 5.4 |
| 1975 | 7 | 4.9 | 7.5 | 5.4 |
| 1974 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 6.5 | 5.9 |
| 1973 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 6 | 5.4 |
| 1972 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 6.3 | 5.3 |
| 1971 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 5.4 |
| 1970 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.8 |
| 1969 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 5.2 |
| 1968 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.6 |
| 1967 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 6.1 | 5.2 |
| 1966 | 4.1 | 5 | 5.2 | 5.4 |
| 1965 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.8 | 5.5 |
| 1964 | 5.1 | 5 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
| 1963 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.6 |
| 1962 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 5.2 |
| 1961 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 6.9 | 5.5 |
| 1960 | 4.8 | 5 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
| 1959 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 6.4 | 5.3 |
| 1958 | 4.3 | 5 | 5.2 | 5.6 |
| 1957 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 5.2 |
| 1956 | 3.5 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 5.7 |
| 1955 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.3 |
| 1954 | 5 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 5.4 |
| 1953 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 5.5 |
| 1952 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.6 |
| 1951 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 5.3 |
| 1950 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
- 12.3Projected
CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road) · 2026–2100
| Year | Estonia | Estonia: CMIP6 historical run, model median | Latvia | Latvia: CMIP6 historical run, model median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | – | 76.2–8.4 | – | 7.56.8–8.6 |
| 2027 | – | 75.8–8.4 | – | 7.66.5–8.7 |
| 2028 | – | 7.36.1–8.7 | – | 7.76.5–9 |
| 2029 | – | 7.26.1–8.8 | – | 7.86.6–9 |
| 2030 | – | 7.46–8.5 | – | 7.86.5–8.8 |
| 2031 | – | 7.25.6–8.3 | – | 7.55.9–9 |
| 2032 | – | 7.66–8.6 | – | 8.16.6–8.9 |
| 2033 | – | 7.46.6–9 | – | 7.87.1–9.4 |
| 2034 | – | 7.26.6–8.7 | – | 7.77–9.2 |
| 2035 | – | 7.46.2–8.8 | – | 7.86.6–9.3 |
| 2036 | – | 7.86–9.2 | – | 8.36.6–9.7 |
| 2037 | – | 7.36.2–8.8 | – | 7.86.7–9.2 |
| 2038 | – | 7.35.8–9.2 | – | 7.76.5–9.7 |
| 2039 | – | 7.36–8.8 | – | 7.76.9–9.1 |
| 2040 | – | 7.96.4–9 | – | 8.36.9–9.3 |
| 2041 | – | 7.76.1–8.9 | – | 8.16.6–9.2 |
| 2042 | – | 7.46.1–9.4 | – | 86.8–9.5 |
| 2043 | – | 86.6–9.6 | – | 8.56.8–9.8 |
| 2044 | – | 7.15.6–9.5 | – | 7.66.2–9.8 |
| 2045 | – | 7.85.8–9.4 | – | 8.16.4–9.6 |
| 2046 | – | 7.26.4–9.2 | – | 7.76.8–9.6 |
| 2047 | – | 86.6–9.6 | – | 8.57–9.8 |
| 2048 | – | 8.47–9.5 | – | 8.97.5–9.8 |
| 2049 | – | 86.3–9.7 | – | 8.56.7–9.9 |
| 2050 | – | 86.9–9.6 | – | 8.37.4–9.8 |
| 2051 | – | 86.5–9.7 | – | 8.37–10.1 |
| 2052 | – | 7.96.5–9.6 | – | 8.46.9–9.8 |
| 2053 | – | 8.16.7–9.6 | – | 8.67.2–10.2 |
| 2054 | – | 7.76.6–9.3 | – | 8.27–9.7 |
| 2055 | – | 7.86.3–9.4 | – | 8.26.9–9.8 |
| 2056 | – | 8.27–9.9 | – | 8.57.4–10.4 |
| 2057 | – | 8.16.8–9.5 | – | 8.57.5–10 |
| 2058 | – | 8.76.9–10.1 | – | 9.17.4–10.4 |
| 2059 | – | 8.17.2–10.2 | – | 8.57.7–10.5 |
| 2060 | – | 8.27.1–9.8 | – | 8.57.5–10.1 |
| 2061 | – | 8.47.1–9.5 | – | 8.87.5–9.8 |
| 2062 | – | 8.66.6–10.3 | – | 97–10.4 |
| 2063 | – | 8.37–10.2 | – | 8.77.3–10.8 |
| 2064 | – | 8.56.7–9.5 | – | 8.97.3–9.8 |
| 2065 | – | 8.56.5–9.7 | – | 8.96.8–10.3 |
| 2066 | – | 8.56.8–9.7 | – | 97.3–9.8 |
| 2067 | – | 87.2–10 | – | 8.57.5–10.3 |
| 2068 | – | 8.36.9–10.2 | – | 8.77.2–10.6 |
| 2069 | – | 8.86.7–10.4 | – | 97.3–10.7 |
| 2070 | – | 8.76.5–9.9 | – | 96.9–10.2 |
| 2071 | – | 8.46.5–10.6 | – | 97–10.8 |
| 2072 | – | 8.67–9.8 | – | 9.17.6–10.1 |
| 2073 | – | 8.46.6–9.9 | – | 8.87–10.2 |
| 2074 | – | 8.77.4–9.9 | – | 97.9–10.3 |
| 2075 | – | 8.16.9–9.8 | – | 8.57.3–10.1 |
| 2076 | – | 8.87.1–10.4 | – | 9.17.5–10.9 |
| 2077 | – | 8.87.4–10.2 | – | 9.18–10.4 |
| 2078 | – | 8.67.1–10.2 | – | 97.6–10.4 |
| 2079 | – | 8.86.7–10.5 | – | 9.27.2–10.9 |
| 2080 | – | 8.76.7–10.2 | – | 97.3–10.5 |
| 2081 | – | 8.76.9–10.3 | – | 97.5–10.6 |
| 2082 | – | 8.96.6–10.9 | – | 9.27.4–11.1 |
| 2083 | – | 8.46.7–10.9 | – | 8.67.2–11.1 |
| 2084 | – | 8.67–10.3 | – | 8.97.3–10.6 |
| 2085 | – | 8.66.7–10.6 | – | 8.97.4–10.8 |
| 2086 | – | 9.17.5–10.6 | – | 9.47.9–11 |
| 2087 | – | 97–11.1 | – | 9.47.5–11.5 |
| 2088 | – | 8.87.1–10.6 | – | 9.27.6–10.9 |
| 2089 | – | 8.87.3–10 | – | 9.37.6–10.4 |
| 2090 | – | 8.86.8–10.1 | – | 9.27.1–10.5 |
| 2091 | – | 9.16.5–10.7 | – | 9.47.1–11.1 |
| 2092 | – | 9.37.5–10.7 | – | 9.78–11.2 |
| 2093 | – | 9.27.6–10.9 | – | 9.57.8–11.2 |
| 2094 | – | 8.96.9–10.7 | – | 9.37.5–11.1 |
| 2095 | – | 9.37.6–10.8 | – | 9.57.9–11.1 |
| 2096 | – | 8.86.9–10.4 | – | 9.27.3–10.9 |
| 2097 | – | 8.97.8–11 | – | 9.18.2–11.4 |
| 2098 | – | 9.17–10.8 | – | 9.47.4–10.9 |
| 2099 | – | 97.4–10.9 | – | 9.47.9–11.2 |
| 2100 | – | 9.17.5–10.4 | – | 9.58–10.7 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- The average air temperature near the ground, over the whole country and the whole year.
- Source: ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus, ECMWF) and CMIP6, via the World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal.
- The dashed line is the CMIP6 model median (SSP2-4.5, middle of the road), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its models’ 10th–90th percentile.
- Climate model values are the median of the CMIP6 models, run on past emissions to 2014 and on SSP2-4.5, a middle-of-the-road path, after: they are not measurements.
- Ranks count the 233 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Estonia vs Latvia
Health
- Life expectancyEstonia: 79.2 years in 2023Latvia: 76.2 years in 2023
- Child mortalityEstonia: 0.2 per 100 live births in 2024Latvia: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityEstonia: 1.4 per 1,000 live births in 2023Latvia: 2.9 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterEstonia: 97% in 2022Latvia: 97.1% in 2022
- DepressionEstonia: 3.85% in 2017Latvia: 3.5% in 2017
- Suicide rateEstonia: 12.7 per 100,000 people in 2017Latvia: 17 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationEstonia: 1.37 million people in 2023Latvia: 1.88 million people in 2023
- Population growthEstonia: 0% a year in 2023Latvia: -0.29% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateEstonia: 1.35 births per woman in 2023Latvia: 1.34 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationEstonia: 70.7% in 2025Latvia: 68.6% in 2025
- Median ageEstonia: 41.9 years in 2023Latvia: 43.1 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overEstonia: 20.9% in 2023Latvia: 21.3% in 2023
- Net migration rateEstonia: 4.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Latvia: 4.2 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingEstonia: 3.37% of GDP in 2025Latvia: 3.61% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsEstonia: $1.44B in 2025Latvia: $1.6B in 2025
- Military spending per personEstonia: $1,164 in 2025Latvia: $929 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingEstonia: 7.5% of government spending in 2025Latvia: 8.2% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelEstonia: 7,000 people in 2020Latvia: 9,000 people in 2020
- National powerEstonia: 0.02% of world capability in 2022Latvia: 0.02% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersEstonia: 1% of the labour force in 2020Latvia: 0.92% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsEstonia: 204 million TIV in 2025Latvia: 19 million TIV in 2024
- Arms exportsEstonia: 2 million TIV in 2024Latvia: 1 million TIV in 2025