Estonia vs Latvia
Estonia vs Latvia: Net migration rate
Net migration rate in 2023: 4.2 per 1,000 people in Estonia and 4.2 per 1,000 people in Latvia, by UN estimates. In 2023 the value was higher in Latvia, by 0 per 1,000 people, or 1.01 times that in Estonia.
per 1,000 people · UN
What the numbers say
- Latvia has been higher since 2023, when it overtook Estonia.
- In 2023, Estonia ranked 46 and Latvia ranked 45 of 229 countries, counting from the highest.
- The UN projection (medium variant) puts Estonia at 0.4 per 1,000 people and Latvia at -0.1 per 1,000 people in 2100.
Every year
per 1,000 people · UN
| Year | Estonia | Latvia |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
| 2022 | 29.5 | 11.7 |
| 2021 | 5.3 | -0.1 |
| 2020 | 2.8 | -1.7 |
| 2019 | 4.1 | -1.8 |
| 2018 | 5.4 | -2.6 |
| 2017 | 3.9 | -4.1 |
| 2016 | 0.8 | -6.3 |
| 2015 | 3.2 | -5.5 |
| 2014 | -0.5 | -4.4 |
| 2013 | -2 | -7.1 |
| 2012 | -2.8 | -5.9 |
| 2011 | -3 | -9.8 |
| 2010 | -2.8 | -17.2 |
| 2009 | -1.6 | -16.3 |
| 2008 | -1.5 | -10.3 |
| 2007 | -2.2 | -3.6 |
| 2006 | -4 | -4.2 |
| 2005 | -3.8 | -5 |
| 2004 | -2.7 | -6.7 |
| 2003 | -2.7 | -5 |
| 2002 | -2.1 | -4 |
| 2001 | -2.4 | -8 |
| 2000 | -2.2 | -6.6 |
| 1999 | 1 | -1.4 |
| 1998 | -2.3 | -2.3 |
| 1997 | -2.9 | -3.8 |
| 1996 | -7.3 | -4 |
| 1995 | -8.7 | -5.3 |
| 1994 | -12.2 | -8.5 |
| 1993 | -17 | -12.8 |
| 1992 | -24.9 | -20 |
| 1991 | -6.2 | -4.5 |
| 1990 | -1.7 | -5 |
| 1989 | -0.2 | -1.9 |
| 1988 | 3.4 | 6 |
| 1987 | 3.5 | 7.3 |
| 1986 | 3.4 | 5.4 |
| 1985 | 3.3 | 4.7 |
| 1984 | 3.3 | 3.5 |
| 1983 | 3.3 | 3.2 |
| 1982 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
| 1981 | 3.2 | 2.6 |
| 1980 | 3.1 | 1.2 |
| 1979 | 3.1 | 1.5 |
| 1978 | 5 | 3 |
| 1977 | 5 | 4.8 |
| 1976 | 4.8 | 3.6 |
| 1975 | 4.7 | 5 |
| 1974 | 4.7 | 5.9 |
| 1973 | 4.6 | 6.6 |
| 1972 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| 1971 | 4.7 | 4.6 |
| 1970 | 4.5 | 5.3 |
| 1969 | 6.4 | 5.9 |
| 1968 | 7 | 5.8 |
| 1967 | 6.9 | 6.2 |
| 1966 | 6.9 | 5.9 |
| 1965 | 6.8 | 5.9 |
| 1964 | 6.8 | 5.8 |
| 1963 | 6.7 | 5.6 |
| 1962 | 6.6 | 5.7 |
| 1961 | 6.5 | 5.7 |
| 1960 | 6.4 | 5.4 |
| 1959 | -0 | 14.2 |
| 1958 | 5.2 | 6 |
| 1957 | 3.4 | 5.6 |
| 1956 | 3.5 | 5.2 |
| 1955 | 3.7 | 4.8 |
| 1954 | 4.1 | 4.5 |
| 1953 | 4.6 | 4.2 |
| 1952 | 5.2 | 3.8 |
| 1951 | 6.1 | 3.5 |
| 1950 | 7.2 | 3.1 |
UN projection (medium variant) · 2024–2100
| Year | Estonia | Latvia |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | -5.7-9.5–-2.2 | -1.2-8.4–4.7 |
| 2025 | -9.9-15.6–-5.1 | -4-13.6–4.4 |
| 2026 | -0.5-6.1–4.5 | -0.2-10.7–9.3 |
| 2027 | -0.4-6.2–5.3 | -0.2-11.7–10.9 |
| 2028 | -0.3-6.5–5.9 | -0.2-12.1–11.9 |
| 2029 | -0.2-7.1–6.7 | -0.3-12.8–13 |
| 2030 | -0.2-6.6–7.2 | -0.5-13.3–13.3 |
| 2031 | -0.1-7.1–7.2 | -0.2-14.5–14.3 |
| 2032 | -0.1-7.7–7.5 | -0.3-14–13.5 |
| 2033 | 0-7.8–7.6 | -0.2-14.1–14 |
| 2034 | -0-8.1–7.7 | -0-14.1–14.5 |
| 2035 | 0.1-7.5–8.1 | 0.1-13.7–15.7 |
| 2036 | 0.1-7.5–8.1 | -0.1-14.4–14.6 |
| 2037 | 0.1-8.1–8.5 | -0-14.9–15.1 |
| 2038 | 0.2-8–9 | -0.2-15–14.8 |
| 2039 | 0.2-8.4–9.3 | -0.4-15.7–14.2 |
| 2040 | 0.2-8.5–9.3 | -0.2-15.3–16 |
| 2041 | 0.1-8.4–8.8 | -0.4-16–15.4 |
| 2042 | 0.1-8.9–9.6 | -0.2-15.8–15.2 |
| 2043 | 0.1-9.5–10 | -0.3-15.9–14.7 |
| 2044 | 0.1-9–9.9 | -0.3-16–15.3 |
| 2045 | 0.1-9.2–9.8 | -0.5-16–15 |
| 2046 | 0.1-8.9–9.7 | -0.3-15.5–15.4 |
| 2047 | 0.2-9.2–10.4 | -0.3-15.7–16.2 |
| 2048 | 0.3-8.9–10.5 | -0.3-15.1–16.6 |
| 2049 | 0.2-8.6–10.6 | -0.3-15.9–15.5 |
| 2050 | 0.2-9.5–10.3 | -0.2-16.2–15.7 |
| 2051 | 0.2-9.1–10.8 | -0-16.1–16.6 |
| 2052 | 0.3-9.4–10.5 | -0.5-17–15.8 |
| 2053 | 0.3-9.5–10.5 | -0.5-17–15.7 |
| 2054 | 0.4-9–10.3 | -0.5-17–15 |
| 2055 | 0.3-9.2–10.2 | -0.4-16.4–14.9 |
| 2056 | 0.4-9.4–10.4 | -0.5-16.3–14.7 |
| 2057 | 0.4-8.8–10.7 | -0.5-16–15 |
| 2058 | 0.4-9–11.3 | -0.4-16.5–16.5 |
| 2059 | 0.4-9.3–10.9 | -0.3-16–15.3 |
| 2060 | 0.3-9.1–10.6 | -0.4-15.9–14.5 |
| 2061 | 0.4-9.4–10.3 | -0.2-16.2–14.7 |
| 2062 | 0.4-9.7–10.3 | -0.2-15.8–15 |
| 2063 | 0.4-9.6–10.2 | -0.3-16–15.8 |
| 2064 | 0.4-10.1–9.5 | -0.4-15.3–14.4 |
| 2065 | 0.4-9.8–10 | -0.5-16.2–15.6 |
| 2066 | 0.4-10.2–9.6 | -0.3-16.5–14.7 |
| 2067 | 0.4-9.5–10.2 | -0.4-16.6–14.8 |
| 2068 | 0.4-9.4–10.6 | -0.5-16.2–14.9 |
| 2069 | 0.3-10.4–10.7 | -0.2-16.2–14.6 |
| 2070 | 0.2-10.1–10.8 | -0.3-16.1–15.3 |
| 2071 | 0.3-10.2–11.3 | -0.3-15.7–14.6 |
| 2072 | 0.3-10.3–11 | -0.2-15.8–15.7 |
| 2073 | 0.3-10.1–10.6 | -0.2-15.7–14.9 |
| 2074 | 0.3-10.3–10.5 | -0.4-15.9–14.2 |
| 2075 | 0.4-10.3–10.4 | -0.4-16.1–15.7 |
| 2076 | 0.4-10.2–10.2 | -0.4-16.9–15 |
| 2077 | 0.3-10.4–10.6 | -0.3-16.5–15 |
| 2078 | 0.3-11.2–10.9 | -0.4-16.3–15.7 |
| 2079 | 0.3-11–10.5 | -0.5-15.7–15.2 |
| 2080 | 0.4-10.2–10.8 | -0.4-16.1–15.1 |
| 2081 | 0.4-9.7–10.3 | -0.3-15.3–15.6 |
| 2082 | 0.3-9.8–10.6 | -0.3-16.4–15.2 |
| 2083 | 0.2-10.1–10.7 | -0.3-16–15.5 |
| 2084 | 0.1-10.4–10.4 | -0.2-15.3–15.2 |
| 2085 | 0.3-10.4–10.1 | -0.1-14.8–16.8 |
| 2086 | 0.2-10.8–10.1 | -0.2-14.6–15.5 |
| 2087 | 0.3-10.4–10.5 | -0.2-15.6–15.1 |
| 2088 | 0.4-10–10 | -0.1-16–16 |
| 2089 | 0.3-10.5–10.4 | -0.1-16.2–16.1 |
| 2090 | 0.3-10.3–10.6 | -0.2-16–16.9 |
| 2091 | 0.3-10.4–11.2 | -0.2-16.3–16 |
| 2092 | 0.3-10.3–11.2 | -0.2-15.4–15.7 |
| 2093 | 0.2-10.3–11.2 | -0.1-17–15.6 |
| 2094 | 0.3-9.9–11.3 | -0.1-15.6–16.1 |
| 2095 | 0.2-9.8–10.8 | -0.1-15.5–15.9 |
| 2096 | 0.2-9.8–11.3 | -0.2-15.8–15.5 |
| 2097 | 0.4-9.7–11.5 | -0.1-16.6–16.1 |
| 2098 | 0.5-10.2–11.1 | -0.2-16.4–15.6 |
| 2099 | 0.4-10.1–11.1 | -0.1-16.4–14.1 |
| 2100 | 0.4-10.7–10.7 | -0.1-16.3–15.3 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- People moving in minus people moving out in a year, per 1,000 residents; below zero, more left than arrived.
- Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024.
- The dashed line is the UN projection (medium variant), a scenario rather than a forecast; the band is its 95% prediction interval.
- Ranks count the 229 countries with a value in 2023, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Estonia vs Latvia
Health
- Life expectancyEstonia: 79.2 years in 2023Latvia: 76.2 years in 2023
- Child mortalityEstonia: 0.2 per 100 live births in 2024Latvia: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityEstonia: 1.4 per 1,000 live births in 2023Latvia: 2.9 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterEstonia: 97% in 2022Latvia: 97.1% in 2022
- DepressionEstonia: 3.85% in 2017Latvia: 3.5% in 2017
- Suicide rateEstonia: 12.7 per 100,000 people in 2017Latvia: 17 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationEstonia: 1.37 million people in 2023Latvia: 1.88 million people in 2023
- Population growthEstonia: 0% a year in 2023Latvia: -0.29% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateEstonia: 1.35 births per woman in 2023Latvia: 1.34 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationEstonia: 70.7% in 2025Latvia: 68.6% in 2025
- Median ageEstonia: 41.9 years in 2023Latvia: 43.1 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overEstonia: 20.9% in 2023Latvia: 21.3% in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingEstonia: 3.37% of GDP in 2025Latvia: 3.61% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsEstonia: $1.44B in 2025Latvia: $1.6B in 2025
- Military spending per personEstonia: $1,164 in 2025Latvia: $929 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingEstonia: 7.5% of government spending in 2025Latvia: 8.2% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelEstonia: 7,000 people in 2020Latvia: 9,000 people in 2020
- National powerEstonia: 0.02% of world capability in 2022Latvia: 0.02% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersEstonia: 1% of the labour force in 2020Latvia: 0.92% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsEstonia: 204 million TIV in 2025Latvia: 19 million TIV in 2024
- Arms exportsEstonia: 2 million TIV in 2024Latvia: 1 million TIV in 2025