Estonia vs Latvia
Estonia vs Latvia: Inflation
Inflation in 2025: 4.8% a year in Estonia and 3.8% a year in Latvia, by IMF estimates. In 2025 the value was higher in Estonia, by 1 percentage points, or 1.26 times that in Latvia.
% a year · IMF
What the numbers say
- Estonia has been higher since 2021, when it overtook Latvia.
- In 2025, Estonia ranked 39 and Latvia ranked 63 of 179 countries, counting from the highest.
- The IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) puts Estonia at 2.3% a year and Latvia at 2.2% a year in 2031.
Every year
% a year · IMF
| Year | Estonia | Latvia |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 4.8 | 3.8 |
| 2024 | 3.7 | 1.3 |
| 2023 | 9.1 | 9.1 |
| 2022 | 19.5 | 17.2 |
| 2021 | 4.5 | 3.2 |
| 2020 | -0.6 | 0.1 |
| 2019 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
| 2018 | 3.4 | 2.6 |
| 2017 | 3.7 | 2.9 |
| 2016 | 0.8 | 0.1 |
| 2015 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| 2014 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| 2013 | 3.2 | 0 |
| 2012 | 4.2 | 2.3 |
| 2011 | 5.1 | 4.2 |
| 2010 | 2.7 | -1.2 |
| 2009 | 0.2 | 3.3 |
| 2008 | 10.6 | 15.3 |
| 2007 | 6.7 | 10.1 |
| 2006 | 4.4 | 6.6 |
| 2005 | 4.1 | 6.9 |
| 2004 | 3 | 6.2 |
| 2003 | 1.4 | 2.9 |
| 2002 | 3.6 | 2 |
| 2001 | 5.6 | 2.5 |
| 2000 | 3.9 | 2.6 |
| 1999 | 3.1 | 2.1 |
| 1998 | 8.8 | 4.3 |
| 1997 | 9.3 | 8.1 |
| 1996 | 19.8 | 17.6 |
| 1995 | 29 | 25 |
| 1994 | 47.7 | 35.9 |
| 1993 | – | 109.2 |
IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026) · 2026–2031
| Year | Estonia | Latvia |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 3 | 3.6 |
| 2027 | 3.3 | 3.9 |
| 2028 | 2.4 | 3.3 |
| 2029 | 2.3 | 2.6 |
| 2030 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| 2031 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
Each country on its own
Good to know
- How much consumer prices rose in a year, on average.
- Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2026.
- The dashed line is the IMF projection (World Economic Outlook, October 2026), a scenario rather than a forecast.
- Ranks count the 179 countries with a value in 2025, highest first.
How the layers work, where their data comes from and what they can’t tell you: Countries through time
Estonia vs Latvia
Health
- Life expectancyEstonia: 79.2 years in 2023Latvia: 76.2 years in 2023
- Child mortalityEstonia: 0.2 per 100 live births in 2024Latvia: 0.3 per 100 live births in 2024
- Infant mortalityEstonia: 1.4 per 1,000 live births in 2023Latvia: 2.9 per 1,000 live births in 2023
- Safe drinking waterEstonia: 97% in 2022Latvia: 97.1% in 2022
- DepressionEstonia: 3.85% in 2017Latvia: 3.5% in 2017
- Suicide rateEstonia: 12.7 per 100,000 people in 2017Latvia: 17 per 100,000 people in 2017
People
- PopulationEstonia: 1.37 million people in 2023Latvia: 1.88 million people in 2023
- Population growthEstonia: 0% a year in 2023Latvia: -0.29% a year in 2023
- Fertility rateEstonia: 1.35 births per woman in 2023Latvia: 1.34 births per woman in 2023
- Urban populationEstonia: 70.7% in 2025Latvia: 68.6% in 2025
- Median ageEstonia: 41.9 years in 2023Latvia: 43.1 years in 2023
- People aged 65 and overEstonia: 20.9% in 2023Latvia: 21.3% in 2023
- Net migration rateEstonia: 4.2 per 1,000 people in 2023Latvia: 4.2 per 1,000 people in 2023
Economy
Education
Politics
Conflict
Military
- Military spendingEstonia: 3.37% of GDP in 2025Latvia: 3.61% of GDP in 2025
- Military spending in US dollarsEstonia: $1.44B in 2025Latvia: $1.6B in 2025
- Military spending per personEstonia: $1,164 in 2025Latvia: $929 in 2025
- Military share of state spendingEstonia: 7.5% of government spending in 2025Latvia: 8.2% of government spending in 2025
- Armed forces personnelEstonia: 7,000 people in 2020Latvia: 9,000 people in 2020
- National powerEstonia: 0.02% of world capability in 2022Latvia: 0.02% of world capability in 2022
- Armed forces, share of workersEstonia: 1% of the labour force in 2020Latvia: 0.92% of the labour force in 2020
- Arms importsEstonia: 204 million TIV in 2025Latvia: 19 million TIV in 2024
- Arms exportsEstonia: 2 million TIV in 2024Latvia: 1 million TIV in 2025